Four recent randomized controlled trials of endovascular reperfusion therapy administered to stroke patients within 6 hours after symptom onset have demonstrated decisive clinical benefits. The next clinical imperative is to determine whether endovascular therapy is safe and effective in an extended time window. In addition, if it is effective, it is essential to determine how to optimally select patients for endovascular therap in extended time windows. The Diffusion and Perfusion Weighted Imaging Evaluation for Understanding Stroke Evolution study (DEFUSE) demonstrated that pre-specified baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) profiles can identify stroke patients who have a sizeable clinical response after early reperfusion in an extended time window. DEFUSE 2 prospectively validated the DEFUSE findings by demonstrating that patients with favorable MRI profiles who achieved early reperfusion after endovascular therapy had significantly better clinical outcomes up to 12 hours after onset; the adjusted odds ratio for favorable clinical response associated with reperfusion was 8*8 (95% CI 2*7-29*0). Recent studies have demonstrated that CT Perfusion has comparable accuracy to MRI for identifying patients with salvageable tissue. DEFUSE 3 is a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial of patients with an acute ischemic stroke who can be treated between 6 and 16 hours of stroke onset. Patients who meet the inclusion criteria will undergo an MRI or CT Perfusion scan prior to randomization. If patients have evidence of a major vessel occlusion and imaging evidence of salvageable tissue on MRI or CT perfusion, they will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to treatment with an FDA cleared thrombectomy device (endovascular therapy) versus standard medical therapy alone. Randomization of a maximum of 476 patients (238/arm) is planned. A novel adaptive design will identify the largest subgroup, based on baseline DWI lesion volumes and the times since stroke onset, which show a positive effect from endovascular treatment. The results of DEFUSE 3 will determine if endovascular therapy improves functional outcome in stroke patients with favorable clinical and imaging characteristics. These results have the potential to increase the number of stroke patients who are eligible to receive an effective therapy, which could lead to a major reduction in stroke morbidity.

Public Health Relevance

The goal of DEFUSE 3 is to demonstrate that endovascular therapy improves functional outcome in stroke patients with favorable clinical and imaging characteristics. The results of this study have the potential to increase the number of stroke patients who are eligible to receive an effective therapy. Therefore, DEFUSE 3 could result in a major reduction in stroke-related disability.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
1U01NS092076-01A1
Application #
9030827
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZNS1)
Program Officer
Vivalda, Joanna
Project Start
2015-09-30
Project End
2020-08-31
Budget Start
2015-09-30
Budget End
2016-08-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Stanford University
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94304
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Albers, Gregory W; Marks, Michael P; Kemp, Stephanie et al. (2018) Thrombectomy for Stroke at 6 to 16 Hours with Selection by Perfusion Imaging. N Engl J Med 378:708-718
Marks, Michael P; Heit, Jeremy J; Lansberg, Maarten G et al. (2018) Endovascular Treatment in the DEFUSE 3 Study. Stroke 49:2000-2003
Albers, Gregory W; Lansberg, Maarten G; Kemp, Stephanie et al. (2017) A multicenter randomized controlled trial of endovascular therapy following imaging evaluation for ischemic stroke (DEFUSE 3). Int J Stroke 12:896-905
Sangha, Rajbeer S; Naidech, Andrew M; Corado, Carlos et al. (2017) Challenges in the Medical Management of Symptomatic Intracranial Stenosis in an Urban Setting. Stroke 48:2158-2163