In this Project 2, we propose to study mouse neurons in order to better define in a model system the neuronal and synaptic phenotypes induced by high-risk schizophrenia (SCZ) mutations, to test whether the mouse phenotypes concur with those observed in human neurons (cross-platform validation), and to explore the relation of such phenotypes to SCZ-associated symptoms in human patients, experiments that can only be performed in mice but not in humans. Thus, this project is an essential component for the pursuit of the overarching goals of this application, which are to determine whether different high-risk mutations for SCZ produce a synaptic phenotype, where such phenotypes exhibit commonalities, and whether future screens for therapeutics to ameliorate such phenotypes can be developed. Inherent in these goals is the need not only to validate the reproducibility of phenotypes across platforms, but also to relate such phenotypes to symptoms observed in SCZ. Project 2 will focus in mouse neurons on the same mutations that constitute the focus of the studies on human neurons in the other projects, namely the Nrxn1 heterozygous and homozygous deletions, the minimal critical 22q11.2 deletion, and the 16p11.2 duplications and deletions. The three specific aims of this project will be carried out in a collaborative fashion coordinated by Stanford University (Tom S?dhof and Marius Wernig), with contributions by Rutgers University (Zhiping Pang), the U. of Cincinnatti (Bruce Aronow), and Eli Lilly (John Isaac). These three specific aims are: (1) To determine the neuronal and synaptic phenotypes of primary medial prefrontal cortex neurons that carry Nrxn1 gene deletions, the minimal critical 22q11.2 deletion, or the 16p11.2 duplication or deletion, (2) to test whether iN cells produced from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and iPS cells derived from mutant mice replicate the phenotype of the respective mutations in primary neurons, and (3) to determine the effects of the Nrxn1 gene deletions, the minimal critical 22q11.2 deletion, and the 16p11.2 duplication on synaptic properties of neurons in situ in brain slices of the medial prefrontal cortex. Together, the three specific aims will utilize an interdisciplinary approach to study SCZ pathophysiology in mouse models of the disorder, and provide vertically and horizontally integrated cross- validations of the effects of SCZ-associated high-risk mutations on neuronal function in mice. They will enable not only validation of the results obtained with human iN cells in Projects 1 and 3, but also facilitate a translation of such results into a conceptual framework for understanding SCZ-associated behavioral changes.

Public Health Relevance

Project 2 will carry out experiments in mice, using neurons and neuron-like cells that have been created from other mouse tissues.The project will study mice carrying genetic changes similar to those which, in humans, predispose strongly to schizophrenia and related problems. The experiments will determine how these genetic changes alter the functioning of the connections between neurons. This information may be useful in understanding why these genetic changes predispose to schizophrenia, and in developing new methods to screen chemical compounds to find medications that can benefit people with schizophrenia and related disorders.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Program--Cooperative Agreements (U19)
Project #
3U19MH104172-03S1
Application #
9323587
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZMH1)
Program Officer
Winsky, Lois M
Project Start
2016-08-01
Project End
2019-07-31
Budget Start
2016-08-01
Budget End
2017-07-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2016
Total Cost
$1
Indirect Cost
Name
Stanford University
Department
Type
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94304
Südhof, Thomas C (2018) Towards an Understanding of Synapse Formation. Neuron 100:276-293
Tanabe, Koji; Ang, Cheen Euong; Chanda, Soham et al. (2018) Transdifferentiation of human adult peripheral blood T cells into neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:6470-6475
Yang, Nan; Chanda, Soham; Marro, Samuele et al. (2017) Generation of pure GABAergic neurons by transcription factor programming. Nat Methods 14:621-628
Sterky, Fredrik H; Trotter, Justin H; Lee, Sung-Jin et al. (2017) Carbonic anhydrase-related protein CA10 is an evolutionarily conserved pan-neurexin ligand. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E1253-E1262
Südhof, Thomas C (2017) Synaptic Neurexin Complexes: A Molecular Code for the Logic of Neural Circuits. Cell 171:745-769
Fantuzzo, J A; Mirabella, V R; Hamod, A H et al. (2017) Intellicount: High-Throughput Quantification of Fluorescent Synaptic Protein Puncta by Machine Learning. eNeuro 4:
Yi, Fei; Danko, Tamas; Botelho, Salome Calado et al. (2016) Autism-associated SHANK3 haploinsufficiency causes Ih channelopathy in human neurons. Science 352:aaf2669
Pak, ChangHui; Danko, Tamas; Zhang, Yingsha et al. (2015) Human Neuropsychiatric Disease Modeling using Conditional Deletion Reveals Synaptic Transmission Defects Caused by Heterozygous Mutations in NRXN1. Cell Stem Cell 17:316-28