1: cAR1-mediated spatiotemporal dynamics of Ras signaling. To reveal the mechanism, we monitored spatiotemporal activation of Ras by monitoring the membrane translocation of a fluorescent probe, active Ras Binding Domain fused to GFP (RBD-GFP) in response to various stimuli. The Ras-activation dynamics we observed indicate that a negative regulator, possibly a RasGAP, is gradually recruited to the membrane and promotes Ras inactivation. In mammalian cells, a RasGAP containing a phospholipid-binding domain has been shown to translocate to the plasma membrane's inner face, deactivate Ras, and thereby inhibit PI3K. We proposed that a similar phospholipid-bound RasGAP is likely to be an important inhibitor in cAR1-mediated chemosensing in D. discoideum. We have revealed the roles of RasGAP in chemosensing in D. discoideum (Xu et al., in prep). 2: We have discovered that arrestins are key components of the signaling circuit involved in the oscillatory cell-cell signaling in eukaryotes. We have found that cAR1 GPCR-mediated arrestin function regulates the period of transient ERK2 activation that controls the frequency of cAMP oscillations in D. discoideum. Oscillation of chemical signals is a common biological phenomenon but its regulation is poorly understood. At the aggregation stage of Dictyostelium discoideum development, the chemoattractant cAMP is synthesized and released at 6 min intervals, directing cell migration. Although the cAMP receptor cAR1 GPCR and ERK2 are both implicated in regulating the oscillation, the signaling circuit remains unknown. Here, we report that D. discoideum arrestins (AdcB and AdcC) play a critical role in regulating the frequency of cAMP oscillation. Activation of cAR1 promotes membrane recruitment of AdcC, and AdcC associates with ERK2. Cells lacking arrestins (adcB-C-) have shorter periods (3 min) of both cAR1-triggered transient ERK2 activation and cAMP oscillations, suggesting that cAR1-controlled arrestin function regulates the period of transient ERK2 activation that mediates the frequency of cAMP oscillations at the aggregation stage of D. discoideum development. In addition, D. discoideum utilizes arrestins for ligand-induced cAR1 internalization to achieve the switch from high-affinity to low-affinity cAMP receptors for its multicellular development (Yan et al., PNAS, in revision). In collaboration with Dr. Kortholt, we reported that Ric8 protein is a nonreceptor guanine exchange factor for heterotrimeric G proteins and is important for development and chemotaxis in D.d sicoideum (Kataria, et al PNAS, 2013).

Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
12
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$623,217
Indirect Cost
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State
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Schwebs, David J; Pan, Miao; Adhikari, Nirakar et al. (2018) Dictyostelium Erk2 is an atypical MAPK required for chemotaxis. Cell Signal 46:154-165
Pan, Miao; Neilson, Matthew P; Grunfeld, Alexander M et al. (2018) A G-protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor recognizes lipopolysaccharide for bacterial phagocytosis. PLoS Biol 16:e2005754
Gera, Nidhi; Swanson, Kenneth D; Jin, Tian (2017) ?-Arrestin 1-dependent regulation of Rap2 is required for fMLP-stimulated chemotaxis in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. J Leukoc Biol 101:239-251
Xu, Xuehua; Wen, Xi; Veltman, Douwe M et al. (2017) GPCR-controlled membrane recruitment of negative regulator C2GAP1 locally inhibits Ras signaling for adaptation and long-range chemotaxis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E10092-E10101
Xu, Xuehua; Jin, Tian (2017) ELMO proteins transduce G protein-coupled receptor signal to control reorganization of actin cytoskeleton in chemotaxis of eukaryotic cells. Small GTPases :1-9
Wang, Gang; Cao, Luyang; Liu, Xiaowen et al. (2016) Oxidant Sensing by TRPM2 Inhibits Neutrophil Migration and Mitigates Inflammation. Dev Cell 38:453-62
Pan, Miao; Xu, Xuehua; Chen, Yong et al. (2016) Identification of a Chemoattractant G-Protein-Coupled Receptor for Folic Acid that Controls Both Chemotaxis and Phagocytosis. Dev Cell 36:428-39
Wen, Xi; Jin, Tian; Xu, Xuehua (2016) Imaging G Protein-coupled Receptor-mediated Chemotaxis and its Signaling Events in Neutrophil-like HL60 Cells. J Vis Exp :
Cao, Xiumei; Yan, Jianshe; Shu, Shi et al. (2014) Arrestins function in cAR1 GPCR-mediated signaling and cAR1 internalization in the development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Mol Biol Cell 25:3210-21
Jin, Tian (2013) Gradient sensing during chemotaxis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 25:532-7

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