Anti-mitotic drugs, such as taxanes and vinca alkaloids that are directed at inhibiting the dynamic function of microtubules (MTs) have proved to be effective in the treatment of cancer. However, the use of these conventional MT-targeting agents is severely constrained by their dose-limiting toxicities due to the wide-spread functions of MTs in mediating both mitotic and non-mitotic cellular processes in many cell types, notably intestinal epithelia cells and lymphocytes. Therefore, developing a new class of anti-cancer therapeutics by targeting mitosis-specific proteins critical for cancer cell proliferation is an important line of investigation. Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is one of the most attractive targets for anti-cancer therapy. Efforts to generate Plk1-specific inhibitors by targeting the catalytic activity of Plk1 have proven to be difficult due to similarities with the catalytic domains of other structurally related kinases. Here, we propose to develop a new class of mono-specific Plk1 inhibitors by employing a novel approach of targeting the non-catalytic, but functionally essential, PBD of Plk1. To this end, we have carried out a high throughput screen in collaboration with NCATS, Bethesda, MD. From this screen, we have identified 3,000 compounds from a primary screen, which were narrowed down to the final 2 compounds (1S and B7) through secondary medium throughput and tertiary cell-based assays. Through systematic molecular modeling/docking of these parent compounds, we obtained six significantly improved compounds, which showed Plk1 PBD inhibition activity at levels similar to that of one of the previously characterized PBD-binding ligands, PLHSpT (Kd = 450 nM), in an in vitro ELISA. Since the original HTS leads may belong to a class known as pan-assay interference compounds, or PAINS, we will further incorporate many drug-like characteristics during the hit-to-lead optimization in order to obtain a high-impact chemical probe that ultimately exhibits the desired efficacy against the Plk1 PBD in proof-of-concept mouse tumor models. As the first step of drug discovery, we generated the co-crystal structure of Plk1 PBD with one of the lead compounds. This structural model will be used to carry out structure-activity relationship studies and further optimization of the compounds. As a result of this effort, we obtained several initial hits, which have been subjected to several rounds of in silico derivatization and ELISA-based Plk1 PBD inhibition analysis. These efforts led to the discovery of seven compounds (NC21 to NC27) with distinct chemotypes. In vitro FP and ELISA assays with purified compounds confirmed their anti-PBD specificity with Kd values in the range of 100-200 nM. Currently, we are carrying out hit-to-lead optimizations (in collaboration with Dr. Ken Jacobson, NIDDK, NIH) in a hope to develop Plk1 PBD inhibitors that offer potential therapeutic intervention against Plk1-addicted cancers in humans.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Investigator-Initiated Intramural Research Projects (ZIA)
Project #
1ZIABC010681-14
Application #
9779685
Study Section
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
Budget End
Support Year
14
Fiscal Year
2018
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Basic Sciences
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
State
Country
Zip Code
Park, Jung-Eun; Hymel, David; Burke Jr, Terrence R et al. (2017) Current progress and future perspectives in the development of anti-polo-like kinase 1 therapeutic agents. F1000Res 6:1024
Lee, Kyung S; Burke Jr, Terrence R; Park, Jung-Eun et al. (2015) Recent Advances and New Strategies in Targeting Plk1 for Anticancer Therapy. Trends Pharmacol Sci 36:858-877
Kim, Ju Hee; Ku, Bonsu; Lee, Kyung S et al. (2015) Structural analysis of the polo-box domain of human Polo-like kinase 2. Proteins :
Jia, Jia-Lin; Han, Young-Hyun; Kim, Hak-Cheol et al. (2015) Structural basis for recognition of Emi2 by Polo-like kinase 1 and development of peptidomimetics blocking oocyte maturation and fertilization. Sci Rep 5:14626
Park, Jung-Eun; Kim, Tae-Sung; Kim, Bo Yeon et al. (2015) Selective blockade of cancer cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth by Plk1 activity-dependent suicidal inhibition of its polo-box domain. Cell Cycle 14:3624-34
Qian, Wen-Jian; Park, Jung-Eun; Grant, Robert et al. (2015) Neighbor-directed histidine N (?)-alkylation: A route to imidazolium-containing phosphopeptide macrocycles. Biopolymers 104:663-73
Qian, Wen-Jian; Park, Jung-Eun; Lim, Dan et al. (2014) Mono-anionic phosphopeptides produced by unexpected histidine alkylation exhibit high Plk1 polo-box domain-binding affinities and enhanced antiproliferative effects in HeLa cells. Biopolymers 102:444-55
Srinivasrao, Ganipisetti; Park, Jung-Eun; Kim, Sungmin et al. (2014) Design and synthesis of a cell-permeable, drug-like small molecule inhibitor targeting the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1. PLoS One 9:e107432
Kim, Sun-Ok; Sakchaisri, Krisada; Thimmegowda, N R et al. (2013) STK295900, a dual inhibitor of topoisomerase 1 and 2, induces G(2) arrest in the absence of DNA damage. PLoS One 8:e53908
Qian, Wenjian; Park, Jung-Eun; Liu, Fa et al. (2013) Effects on polo-like kinase 1 polo-box domain binding affinities of peptides incurred by structural variation at the phosphoamino acid position. Bioorg Med Chem 21:3996-4003

Showing the most recent 10 out of 18 publications