PROJECT 4: MODELING STUDIES OF ANESTHETIC ACTION General anesthesia is a fascinating man-made, neurophysiological phenomenon that has been developed empirically over many years to enable safe and humane performance of surgical and non-surgical procedures. Specifically it is a drug-induced condition consisting of unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia and immobility, along with physiological stability. General anesthesia is administered daily to 60,000 patients in the United States, the mechanisms for how anesthetics act in the brain to create the states of anesthesia are not well understood. Significant progress has been made recently in characterizing the molecular sites that anesthetics target. However, how actions at specific molecular targets lead to the behavioral states is less well understood. Addressing this issue requires a systems neuroscience approach to define how actions of the drugs at specific molecular targets and neural circuits lead to a behavioral state of general anesthesia. In this program project entitled, Integrated Systems Neuroscience Studies of Anesthesia, we will develop an integrated systems neuroscience program consisting of human, non-human primate, rodent and modeling studies of four anesthetics: the GABAA agents, propofol and sevoflurane; the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine; and the NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine. The program project will also include a DATA ANALYSIS CORE, which will provide assistant with data analysis and conduct research on statistical methods.
The Specific Aims are to understand how the actions of the anesthetics at specific molecular targets and neural circuits produce the oscillatory dynamics (EEG rhythms, changes in LFPs and neural spiking activity) that are likely a primary common mechanism through which anesthetics create altered states of arousal (sedation, hallucination, unconsciousness). The goal of the modeling research will be to develop detailed, circuit-level descriptions of the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying each brain state of each anesthetic. The modeling will provide a systematic way to organize and integrate information across all of the three experimental projects and thereby, allow us to develop precise statements about anesthetic mechanisms of action. As the research proceeds, the modeling will enable us to make predictions that can be tested with experiments. In addition to providing new insights into the systems neuroscience of anesthetic states, these studies will also provide fundamental new quantitative knowledge about the neurophysiology of the brain's arousal circuits that will be relevant to studies of other neuropsychological problems such as coma, pain, sleep and depression.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
5P01GM118269-04
Application #
9853815
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZGM1)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
2020-02-01
Budget End
2021-01-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
073130411
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02114
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Lewis, Laura D; Piantoni, Giovanni; Peterfreund, Robert A et al. (2018) A transient cortical state with sleep-like sensory responses precedes emergence from general anesthesia in humans. Elife 7:
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Soplata, Austin E; McCarthy, Michelle M; Sherfey, Jason et al. (2017) Thalamocortical control of propofol phase-amplitude coupling. PLoS Comput Biol 13:e1005879
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Akeju, Oluwaseun; Brown, Emery N (2017) Neural oscillations demonstrate that general anesthesia and sedative states are neurophysiologically distinct from sleep. Curr Opin Neurobiol 44:178-185

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