In keeping with the mission of NIDCR to improve oral, dental and craniofacial health, this proposal focuses on the developmental genetic basis of patterning of the facial skeleton. It utilizes zebrafish as a model system. The model has many positive attributes for study of the detailed nature of how embryonic cells build and shape a set of interconnected skeletal elements, and for learning about the genes that guide these cellular activities. Zebrafish broadly share basic patterning mechanisms of jaw and skull formation with other vertebrates, including humans. Furthermore, there are increasing numbers of examples known where mutations in the very same genes of humans, mouse, and zebrafish produce head skeletal malformations that are similar in detail. Hence, zebrafish can teach us much about the nature of the defects in inherited craniofacial disorders such as cleft palate. Three projects are proposed to test specific predictions of hypotheses explaining critical aspects of early skeletal patterning, and to discover new craniofacial regulatory genes. The first investigation is to examine function of a genetic pathway that is activated in the embryonic pharyngeal arches by an upstream signaling molecule, Endothelin1, critical for jaw patterning in zebrafish and mouse alike. With even mild disruption of this pathway the joint between the upper and lower jaw is lost, replaced with cartilage in a way that seems to mimic early stages of severe osteoarthritis. The experiments examine specific roles of Endothelin1 target genes that normally regulate repression of cartilage development where the joint arises. All of the zebrafish craniofacial studies carried out so far have been limited to the first few days of skeletal development, and the second and third projects will expand our knowledge to include many more days, to the juvenile-adult stage. The second project utilizes confocal time-lapse recording of development of fluorescently labeled bone and bone-forming cells in living, intact fish larvae. It will explore the nature of the dynamic cellular reorganizations that appear to underlie formation of new bone morphologies. The third investigation is to use a skeletal mutant screen at the juvenile-adult stage to discover new craniofacial genes. The highest priority is to find genes that function to expand upon the early skeletal scaffold that forms in the embryo. Analyses of the mutants recovered in this screen will reveal how the genes work.

Public Health Relevance

Our project will provide basic understanding of genetic and cellular mechanisms regulating morphogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton. We will investigate cellular behaviors that shape dermal bones, and we will identify and characterize new craniofacial genes, informing us of the potential disturbances underlying inherited human disorders such as in DeGeorge and Frasier syndromes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DE013834-12
Application #
8092856
Study Section
Skeletal Biology Development and Disease Study Section (SBDD)
Program Officer
Scholnick, Steven
Project Start
2000-07-01
Project End
2015-06-30
Budget Start
2011-07-01
Budget End
2012-06-30
Support Year
12
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$465,364
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Oregon
Department
Other Basic Sciences
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
948117312
City
Eugene
State
OR
Country
United States
Zip Code
97403
Nichols, James T; Blanco-Sánchez, Bernardo; Brooks, Elliott P et al. (2016) Ligament versus bone cell identity in the zebrafish hyoid skeleton is regulated by mef2ca. Development 143:4430-4440
Talbot, Jared Coffin; Nichols, James T; Yan, Yi-Lin et al. (2016) Pharyngeal morphogenesis requires fras1-itga8-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. Dev Biol 416:136-148
Kimmel, Charles B; Watson, Sawyer; Couture, Ryan B et al. (2015) Patterns of variation and covariation in the shapes of mandibular bones of juvenile salmonids in the genus Oncorhynchus. Evol Dev 17:302-14
DeLaurier, April; Huycke, Tyler R; Nichols, James T et al. (2014) Role of mef2ca in developmental buffering of the zebrafish larval hyoid dermal skeleton. Dev Biol 385:189-99
Kimmel, Charles B (2014) Skull developmental modularity: a view from a single bone - or two. J Appl Ichthyol 30:600-607
Jemielita, Matthew; Taormina, Michael J; Delaurier, April et al. (2013) Comparing phototoxicity during the development of a zebrafish craniofacial bone using confocal and light sheet fluorescence microscopy techniques. J Biophotonics 6:920-8
Eames, B Frank; DeLaurier, April; Ullmann, Bonnie et al. (2013) FishFace: interactive atlas of zebrafish craniofacial development at cellular resolution. BMC Dev Biol 13:23
Nichols, James T; Pan, Luyuan; Moens, Cecilia B et al. (2013) barx1 represses joints and promotes cartilage in the craniofacial skeleton. Development 140:2765-75
Sheehan-Rooney, Kelly; Swartz, Mary E; Zhao, Feng et al. (2013) Ahsa1 and Hsp90 activity confers more severe craniofacial phenotypes in a zebrafish model of hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness and renal dysplasia (HDR). Dis Model Mech 6:1285-91
Sasaki, Mark M; Nichols, James T; Kimmel, Charles B (2013) edn1 and hand2 Interact in early regulation of pharyngeal arch outgrowth during zebrafish development. PLoS One 8:e67522

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