Non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), an optic nerve stroke, is the most common cause of sudden optic nerve (ON)-related vision loss, affecting 5700 Americans every year. I have developed the first rodent stroke model (rodent anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; rAION), closely resembling clinical NAION in many respects. Like NAION, rAION produces ON edema, and kills retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), by destroying their axons and cells comprising the ON. I can, for the first time, precisely characterize the progression of ON-ischemic damage, identify key components of early ischemia and quantify treatment effectiveness. Spontaneous partial recovery occurs in ~25% of NAION-affected individuals, suggesting that effective NAION treatment is possible. My lab has identified specific pathways that may form the basis for clinical treatment. My preliminary data reveals that prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2), the active metabolite of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), reduces post-stroke ON edema and improves RGC survival. This proposal utilizes a two pronged approach to protect RGCs and enhance optic nerve recovery after optic nerve infarct. First, by blocking early pathological events contributing to ON edema. Second, by recruiting extrinsic macrophages later in the course of the infarct to improve ON repair and regeneration. The two specific aims are: 1. Inhibit early post-ON infarct edema by using PGJ2 to block inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) production and activity. I will utilize the rAION model, coupled to quantitative cell analysis, and molecular techniques. I will evaluate PGJ2`s effects on post-stroke ON vascular function, utilizing a new vascular analytical technique my lab has pioneered. I will confirm that PGJ2 inhibits iNOS expression using a knockout mouse with an inactivated iNOS gene. I predict that iNOS-inactivated mice will have reduced post-infarct ON edema, but will not respond to additional PGJ2-PGD2 modulation. 2. Selectively increase later post-stroke inflammation to improve retinal and ON recovery. This will be accomplished by delivering the cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor to the post-stroke ON, stimulating ON-systemic macrophage recruitment. I predict that this treatment will increase post-infarct RGC survival, and by removing degenerating myelin, reduce scarring, and improve ON-axonal regeneration.

Public Health Relevance

Nonarteritic optic nerve (ON) stroke (NAION) currently affects over 5700 Americans each year, and there are no effective treatments. I have developed the first relevant model of NAION, and identified ON-stroke related pathways that may form the basis for effective treatment for this otherwise untreatable disorder. My proposal utilizes a two pronged translational approach: reduce post-stroke swelling compromising the optic nerve, and activating intrinsic inflammatory mechanisms to preserve neurons, remove degenerating material, and stimulate regeneration. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01EY015304-04A2
Application #
7528671
Study Section
Anterior Eye Disease Study Section (AED)
Program Officer
Agarwal, Neeraj
Project Start
2004-08-01
Project End
2013-08-31
Budget Start
2008-09-01
Budget End
2009-08-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2008
Total Cost
$375,000
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Maryland Baltimore
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
188435911
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21201
Mehrabian, Zara; Guo, Yan; Weinreich, Daniel et al. (2017) Oligodendrocyte death, neuroinflammation, and the effects of minocycline in a rodent model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION). Mol Vis 23:963-976
Guo, Yan; Mehrabian, Zara; Bernstein, Steven L (2016) The Rodent Model of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (rNAION). J Vis Exp :
Nicholson, James D; Guo, Yan; Bernstein, Steven L (2016) SUR1-Associated Mechanisms Are Not Involved in Ischemic Optic Neuropathy 1 Day Post-Injury. PLoS One 11:e0148855
Guo, Yan; Johnson, Mary A; Mehrabian, Zara et al. (2016) Dendrimers Target the Ischemic Lesion in Rodent and Primate Models of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. PLoS One 11:e0154437
Bernstein, Steven L; Miller, Neil R (2015) Ischemic optic neuropathies and their models: disease comparisons, model strengths and weaknesses. Jpn J Ophthalmol 59:135-47
Mathews, Michaela K; Guo, Yan; Langenberg, Patricia et al. (2015) Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)-mediated ganglion cell survival in a rodent model of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Br J Ophthalmol 99:133-7
Ziesel, Alison; Bernstein, Steven; Wong, Paul W (2014) Generation of a foveomacular transcriptome. Mol Vis 20:947-54
Slater, Bernard J; Vilson, Fernandino L; Guo, Yan et al. (2013) Optic nerve inflammation and demyelination in a rodent model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:7952-61
Touitou, Valerie; Johnson, Mary A; Guo, Yan et al. (2013) Sustained neuroprotection from a single intravitreal injection of PGJ2 in a rodent model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:7402-9
Nicholson, James D; Puche, Adam C; Guo, Yan et al. (2012) PGJ(2) provides prolonged CNS stroke protection by reducing white matter edema. PLoS One 7:e50021

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