Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex, genetic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disabilities;compulsivity;tantrums;irritability;growth hormone dysfunction;hyperphagia;and increased risks of morbid obesity, psychosis, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Caused by a lack of paternally-derived imprinted material on 15q11-q13, Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) remains a life-threatening and extremely challenging disorder for families to manage. This renewal builds on our success over the last grant period by identifying differential developmental trajectories based on Type I, Type II, and maternal UPD genotypes of PWS;examining other factors that impact these trajectories;and refining how we measure psychiatric outcomes across age. Over the next 5 years, we will follow 168 people with PWS aged 4 years through adulthood using a longitudinal, random coefficients slope-as-outcome model.
Aim 1 identifies the lifespan trajectories of IQ, adaptive skills, hyperphagia, and psychopathology within the three main PWS genotypes. We expect that: Type I deletion cases will decline in IQ, adaptive skills and behavior problems;Type II cases will remain relatively stable;and those with mUPD will worsen psychiatrically but at the same time improve cognitively. Differences between Type I and Type II trajectories will relate to the expression of specific genes such as CYFIP1.
Aim 2 examines other factors that impact trajectories, including the unstudied, non-body composition effects of growth hormone treatment, fluctuations in degree of obesity, and serotonin-altering genes (e.g., TPH-2, 5HTTLPR).
Aim 3 refines how psychiatric outcomes in PWS are measured in trajectories by including but moving beyond psychiatric diagnoses (e.g., ASD, depression, psychosis) and identifying, for the first time, specific symptoms of these disorders, and those social, cognitive, and neural processes that are associated with these symptoms. Trajectories across the lifespan are more accurate than cross-sectional approaches, and analyses of trajectories will shed new light on differences across PWS genotypes, risks for ASD or psychosis, and how and when to best intervene to reduce problems and enhance positive outcomes in this syndrome.

Public Health Relevance

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is characterized by intellectual disabilities, compulsivity, hyperphagia, and increased risks of morbid obesity, psychosis, and autism spectrum disorders. Although PWS may be viewed as an alternative lens into these widespread problems, this grant also proposes studies that will lead to improved quality of life for persons with PWS and their families.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HD035684-15
Application #
8484852
Study Section
Child Psychopathology and Developmental Disabilities Study Section (CPDD)
Program Officer
Oster-Granite, Mary Lou
Project Start
1997-08-30
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2013-06-01
Budget End
2014-05-31
Support Year
15
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$294,904
Indirect Cost
$105,863
Name
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Department
Pediatrics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
004413456
City
Nashville
State
TN
Country
United States
Zip Code
37212
Key, Alexandra P; Dykens, Elisabeth M (2018) Eye Tracking as a Marker of Hyperphagia in Prader-Willi Syndrome. Dev Neuropsychol 43:152-161
Key, Alexandra P; Dykens, Elisabeth M (2017) Incidental memory for faces in children with different genetic subtypes of Prader-Willi syndrome. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 12:918-927
Dykens, Elisabeth M; Roof, Elizabeth; Hunt-Hawkins, Hailee (2017) Cognitive and adaptive advantages of growth hormone treatment in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 58:64-74
Shivers, Carolyn M; Leonczyk, Caroline L; Dykens, Elisabeth M (2016) Life Satisfaction Among Mothers of Individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 46:2126-2137
Dykens, Elisabeth M (2014) Leisure activities in Prader-Wili syndrome: implications for health, cognition and adaptive functioning. J Autism Dev Disord 44:294-302
Dykens, Elisabeth M (2013) Aging in rare intellectual disability syndromes. Dev Disabil Res Rev 18:75-83
Dykens, Elisabeth M; Lambert, Warren (2013) Trajectories of diurnal cortisol in mothers of children with autism and other developmental disabilities: relations to health and mental health. J Autism Dev Disord 43:2426-34
Dykens, Elisabeth M; Roof, Elizabeth; Bittel, Douglas et al. (2011) TPH2 G/T polymorphism is associated with hyperphagia, IQ, and internalizing problems in Prader-Willi syndrome. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 52:580-7
Hodapp, Robert M; Dykens, Elisabeth M (2005) Measuring behavior in genetic disorders of mental retardation. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 11:340-6
Dykens, Elisabeth; Shah, Bhavik (2003) Psychiatric disorders in Prader-Willi syndrome: epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs 17:167-78

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