Children and adolescents meeting DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia with onset of psychosis prior to age 12 are available and five subjects have participated to date in this study of the phenomenology, neurobiology and pharmacologic response of childhood onset schizophrenia. Diagnostic reliability has been established and two subgroups may emerge. Pilot family/genetic data indicates one cause is familial and a second subject had a chromosomal aberration. Autonomic measures parallel adult schizophrenia. MRI abnormalities have been found in the brainstem and PET indicates hypofrontality. Safety and efficacy of clozapine in this age group was demonstrated in an open trial in three subjects. Two subjects have entered an ongoing double-blind comparison of haloperidol and clozapine. In an ongoing double-blind comparison of clomipramine, desipramine and placebo children with autistic disorder show a selective response to clomipramine supporting a serotonergic disturbance in this disorder.
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| Rapoport, Judith; Chavez, Alex; Greenstein, Deanna et al. (2009) Autism spectrum disorders and childhood-onset schizophrenia: clinical and biological contributions to a relation revisited. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 48:10-8 |
| Giedd, Jay N; Lenroot, Rhoshel K; Shaw, Philip et al. (2008) Trajectories of anatomic brain development as a phenotype. Novartis Found Symp 289:101-12;discussion 112-8, 193-5 |
| Arango, Celso; Moreno, Carmen; Martinez, Salvador et al. (2008) Longitudinal brain changes in early-onset psychosis. Schizophr Bull 34:341-53 |
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| Gogtay, Nitin; Rapoport, Judith (2008) Clozapine use in children and adolescents. Expert Opin Pharmacother 9:459-65 |
| Gogtay, Nitin (2008) Cortical brain development in schizophrenia: insights from neuroimaging studies in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 34:30-6 |
| Rapoport, Judith L; Gogtay, Nitin (2008) Brain neuroplasticity in healthy, hyperactive and psychotic children: insights from neuroimaging. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:181-97 |
| Walsh, Tom; McClellan, Jon M; McCarthy, Shane E et al. (2008) Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia. Science 320:539-43 |
| Lenroot, Rhoshel K; Gogtay, Nitin; Greenstein, Deanna K et al. (2007) Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence. Neuroimage 36:1065-73 |
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