This research will explore the possibility that afferent input to developing brain regions provided by the natural environment during neonatal periods contributes to neuroanatomical development. It is particularly interesting that some stimulation is provided unevenly to developing males and females. In rats, maternal stimulation associated with licking the pups is sexually biased, with males typically receiving more stimulation than females. In this study, maternal stimulation will be experimentally reduced and effects on selected sexually dimorphic structures within the spinal cord and brain of adults will be examined. Measures will include number and size of motor neurons in two spinal nuclei, volume and neural density of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (POA), dendritic structure of Golgi-stained neurons in POA, and ultrastructural measurements of axonal number and size in the posterior fifth of the corpus callosum. Interactive activities include guest lectures to be given in several different undergraduate psychology courses, research seminars and discussions of research material in both structural and informal settings. This project furthers VPW program objectives which are (1) to provide opportunities for women to advance their careers in engineering and in the disciplines of science supported by NSF and (2) to encourage women to pursue careers in science and engineering by providing greater visibility for women scientists and engineers employed in industry, government, and academic institutions. By encouraging the participation of women in science, it is a valuable investment in the Nation's future scientific vitality.
