Operant behaviors are learned and repeated when they are followed by reinforcers. For example, the learning by a student in a classroom or job performance by a worker in a factory partly depend upon reinforcing consequences. The question asked in the present research is whether variability is a dimension of behavior that is also controlled by contingent reinforcers. If, for example, only unpredictable patterns of activity are followed by reinforcement, will behavior become unpredictable and such unpredictability be maintained? Little is known about the control exerted over behavioral variability by contingent reinforcers and, indeed, some researchers doubt that such control is possible. Previous research in Dr. Neuringer's laboratory showed that variability can be reinforced. That research involved an animal model to explore these basic questions. Dr. Neuringer found that sequences of responses on two operanda by pigeons became highly variable when reinforcement depended upon such variability. The present research continues to test whether variability is, in fact, an instrumental dimension of behavior controlled by contingent reinforcement. If it is, then a number of predictions should be supported. For example, reinforcement should exert precise control over the degree of variability in behavior; animals should be able to choose between different degrees of variability, with these choices controlled by reinforcers; and discriminative stimuli should produce variability or stereotypy, depending upon the contingencies. Dr. Neuringer's research also will compare the reinforcement of repetitive and habitual behaviors with the reinforcement of variable behaviors in seeking to distinguish between laws of habit and laws of variation. Other studies will explore whether and how the reinforcement of variability contributes to learning generally. These basic experiments should help to define important functions of instrumental variability. They may help researchers and educators produce variability when it is desired, for example, in learning, problem-solving, creativity-demanding, or competitive situations. And the studies may provide assessment methods to help physicians and health-care workers factor out the relative effects on behavioral variability versus learned habits of drugs, brain damage, motivational states, and psychological deficiencies.

Agency
National Science Foundation (NSF)
Institute
Division of Integrative Organismal Systems (IOS)
Application #
8707992
Program Officer
Fred Stollnitz
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
1987-07-15
Budget End
1991-06-30
Support Year
Fiscal Year
1987
Total Cost
$185,962
Indirect Cost
Name
Reed College
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Portland
State
OR
Country
United States
Zip Code
97202