This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing theresources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject andinvestigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source,and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed isfor the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator.Sugar-only beverages, such as soft drinks, are consumed in large amounts in North Americans of all age groups. Children have especially increased their consumption of highly sweetened beverages to the detriment of milk. Recent research has proposed a link between the rise in childhood obesity and sugar-only beverage consumption, yet mechanistic explanation for this observation is sparse. The main objective of this proposed research project is to determine whether, in overweight children, prolonged supplementation with 4 servings of milk/d or 1 serving of milk and 3 servings of fruit drink/d leads to differences in thermic effect of food, substrate oxidation, and food intake after a meal or either milk or fruit drink. Children between the ages of 8 and 10 who are participating in a funded project to examine the role of milk intake in weight loss (IRB# X040910003) will be recruited to participate in this study. Children will undergo the energy expenditure measurements at the end of the 16-wk weight loss, beverage supplementation period. Children will be asked to come to the GCRC the morning after an overnight fast. After resting for a period of 30 min, basal metabolic rate will be measured for 30 min. Children will then be provided with a breakfast meal consisting of either milk or fruit drink, depending on the treatment they were randomized to in the parent study. Energy expenditure measurements will then resume for a period of 5.5 h following beverage consumption. At each hour, the ventilated canopy of the metabolic cart (Delta-Trac) will be placed over the child's head for a period of 30 min. Data retrieved from the metabolic cart will be used to calculate energy expenditure using de Weir's equation. At the end of the 5.5 h measurement period, children will be given a meal and asked to consume as much as they want of the foods provided to feel comfortably full. Each food will be weighed prior to being offered to the child and any leftovers will also be weighed. Energy and macronutrient intakes will be calculated using NDS food data system. Results from this study will help determine whether milk induces greater energy expenditure and lower food intake compared to a sugar-only beverage. Finally, these results will contribute to establishing the mechanism behind the link between childhood obesity and long term sugared drink consumption.
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