This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. This project will examine several questions critical to the development of a microbicide agent to be used for the prevention of transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) via rectal intercourse. Three studies are proposed. The first will examine the distribution and clearance (Cl) of a candidate microbicide vehicle applied to the rectum. The second will examine the distribution and clearance of a semen surrogate applied to the rectum. The third study will evaluate the distribution and clearance of the microbicide vehicle and semen surrogate together. In each study, several different modalities are compared (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT], computed tomography [CT], and direct sampling via endoscopy), in order to determine the optimal technique. Studies will be carried out in healthy volunteer men who have sex with men (MSM) who have a previous history of receptive rectal intercourse and who report use of anal dilators.
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