This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Cancers of the prostate, lung, colorectum and ovaries cause the majority of cancer deaths in the U.S. The PLCO Trial is a 10-center study designed to determine if screening can reduce deaths due to these four cancers. Nationwide, 154,900 participants have been enrolled, with 14,300 subjects being enrolled through the University of Utah. Men and women ages 55-74 have been randomized equally to a 'screened' group and a 'usual care' group. The group randomized to receive screening receives blood tests for prostate specific antigen (for prostate cancer in men) or CA125 (for ovarian cancer in women) yearly for 6 years. Chest x-ray, digital rectal examination (men only), and transvaginal ultrasound (women only) are performed yearly for 4 years, and flexible sigmoidoscopy is performed years 1 and 6. The major objective of the study is to determine cancer-specific mortality in the two groups. Other endpoints include sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the screening tests and to define the stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis.
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