This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. BACKGROUND: Obesity is the single most significant nutrition-related health issue of the new millennium. Several 'medical experts' have designed and promoted weight loss diets that dramatically differ from one another, and from the USDA Dietary Guidelines. These diets have gained surprisingly widespread and persistent popularity among Americans, despite a lack of evidence supporting their claims. OBJECTIVE: To examine effects on weight loss and related health outcomes (e.g., benefits, risks, and success) of three popular weight loss diets with very different macronutrient composition, and compare them to a 'usual care' dietary approach to weigh loss represented by the macronutrient distribution of the USDA Food Pyramid. We will investigate behavioral and physiological factors that influence adherence and retention to these diet plans. DESIGN: 300 overweight, premenopausal women will be randomly assigned to one of four diets for 12 months - Atkins (extremely low carbohydrate), Zone (low-carbohydrate, high protein), Ornish (very low fat), and USDA/Food Pyramid (high carbohydrate/moderate-low fat) - in a parallel design, randomized trial. The primary endpoint is weight loss. We will also collect data on behavioral and physiological factors. IMPLICATIONS: This examination of popular weight loss diets is designed to scientifically test the health claims being made by their proponents. Findings will fill important gaps in our knowledge, and have an impact on both consumer and health professionals who remain confused about the benefits and risks of these diets.
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