This research is designed to alleviate pain in premature infants through non-pharmacologic means. We will allow premature infants to either suck a pacifier or taste water sucrose (12% WT./Volume; 0.5 ML/MIN) for two minutes prior to a standard heel lance procedure for PKU evaluation. Infants will be randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: water alone via syringe, sucrose alone, water pacifier, or sucrose pacifier. All infants will be swaddled as standard procedure. We predict that sucrose and pacifier treatments will markedly reduce crying and heart rate relative to water alone infants.
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