This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Asian Americans are twice as likely to develop diabetes compare to the Caucasians despite having lower BMI. Many studies have looked at diet, exercise, lifestyles and their physiologic and inflammatory responses in humans. However, none has compared these responses among ethnic groups. Thus, we propose to look at the physiologic responses between the Asians and the Caucasians when they transit from traditional Asian diets to typical American diets. This is a 20-week prospective, comparative, intervention trial involving 50 healthy individuals with family history of diabetes. Half of the individuals will be of Far-East Asian decent (Korean, Japanese, Chinese), while the other half will be Caucasians. After a 4-week screening phase, all subjects will be kept on 2 months of Traditional Asian diets followed by two months of typical American diets. For the purpose of weight maintenance, both diets are iso-caloric designed based on subject's anthropometric measurements using Estimate Energy Requirement. Subjects will be asked to maintain their previous levels of physical activities and they will each receive a pedometer to assist in monitoring physical activities. Anthropometric measurements, DEXA, forearm Doppler Sonography, dental examination, general health/appetite questionnaires and blood tests including inflammatory markers will be performed at baseline and after each study phase. Weight will be measured weekly. The purpose of the study is to: 1) determine if healthy Asian descents living in the United States, compared to Caucasians, both groups with family history of diabetes, are more prone to developing inflammatory response when they adopt typical American diets. 2) compare the effects of traditional Asian diets and American diets on appetite, inflammatory plasma marker, gingival fluid and urine, glycemia, lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress and endothelial function in healthy Asians and Caucasians with family history of diabetes. 3) assess the peridontal status of all the participants including levels of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluids at baseline. 4) determine if changes in the diet affect the inflammatory state in the oral cavity.
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