This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated as an early event in atherosclerosis and in the pathogenesis of coronary artery, peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular disease. Impairment of endothelial function has been demonstrated after high glucose and high saturated fat meal challenges in healthy adults. Evidence also supports that exaggerated postprandial lipemia predisposes individuals to coronary artery disease. To fight the effects of obesity, Americans are turning to diets that minimize one or another macronutrient (i.e. a low carbohydrate diet or a low fat diet). Currently, we have little idea how these diets acutely affect endothelial function. This study will evaluate the acute effect of various macronutrient challenges on endothelial function in subjects at increased risk for coronary artery disease. Specifically, we will study the acute effects of a high carbohydrate/low fat (Ornish), low carbohydrate/high fat (Atkins), and standard (American Heart Association) isocaloric, isovolumic meals on endothelial function to test the hypothesis that a low carbohydrate/high fat meal may blunt endothelial function and may impair acutely blood biomarkers compared to a high carbohydrate/low fat meal. We will also test the hypothesis that the AHA meal will blunt endothelial function compared to the Ornish meal.
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