The Reproductive Status Core will be responsible for the collection of biological samples fromwomen, chimpanzees, and rhesus monkeys to confirm classification of reproductive age,characterize gonadal steroid patterns within cycles, and assess menopausal status. Usingpreviously validated immunoassays, reproductive hormone assessments will be made by Corepersonnel using the facilities provided by the Yerkes NPRC Endocrine Core Laboratory. Data willbe transmitted to the Administrative Core and Project Leaders to schedule the cognitive testing inProjects 1 and 2 and neuroimaging in Project 3 for the early to mid follicular phase for pre-menopausal females and to quantify the gonadal hormone milieu at the time of the assessment forpre- and post menopausal females. An ovulatory cycle will be confirmed in young and middle agedfemales by a sustained, 7 to 10 day rise in progestin (serum progesterone for monkeys; urinarypregnanediol for chimpanzees; salivary progesterone for women). Short luteal phase ovulatorycycles will be identified by cycles with an abbreviated, 3 to 7 day, increase in progestins. Theperiod of the sustained increase in progestins followed by menstruation will define the luteal phase.Anovulatory cycles will be identified by intermittent increases in estrogen (serum estradiol formonkeys; urinary conjugated estrogens for chimpanzees; salivary estradiol for women) in the faceof persistently low and unvarying concentrations of progestins during the inter-menstrual period.The follicular phase of an ovulatory cycle will be identified as the period following menstruationcharacterized by rising concentrations of estrogen prior to the increase in progestin at ovulation.Menopausal status will be confirmed in aged rhesus monkeys by elevated serum levels of FSH inthe face of reduced estradiol and inhibin B concentrations; persistently low and unvarying serumprogesterone; and amenorrhea in rhesus monkeys; in aged chimpanzees by elevated urinary ofFSH in the face of reduced conjugated estrogen; persistently low pregnanediol concentrations;amenorrhea; and reduced perineal swellings; and in older women by reduced salivaryconcentrations of estradiol and progesterone in the face of amenorrhea and self-reports ofmenopausal symptoms.
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