Core A, the Human Studies-Biospecimen Collection Core, provides support for the operations of theProgram Project through the collection offecal samples from twin pairs who are either concordant obese(BMI^35) or concordant lean (BMI 18.5-25). It takes advantage of an ongoing prospective study of amidwestern cohort of 1,800 female like-sex twin pairs, that has achieved high participation and retentionrates: twins are being followed from mid-adolescence (median age 15)and will be of projected ages 25-35bythe time of completion of our proposed five-year study.
Specific Aims of the core are:
Aims 1, 2: Totraceand conduct telephone screening interviews with obese twins (BMI 30) and their cotwins, aged 25-35, andthen collect fecal samples from eligible female like-sex monozygotic pairs (year 1:N=20 pairs) and femalelike-sex dizygotic pairs (year 2:N=20 pairs) - 10concordant obese, 10concordant lean for eachzygositygroup ,with 50%of each cell African-American, as well as from the biological mothers of these twins.Exclusionary criteria will include non-vaginal delivery, recent antibiotic use, premature delivery of the pairor birth complications resulting in perinatal care in a hospital's intensive care environment, and certainmedical conditions.
Aims 2 -4: To obtain repeat fecal specimens from the MZpairs and mothers at one-month follow-up (year 1), 12month follow-up (year 2), 24month follow-up (year 3),36 month follow-up(year 4), and 48 month follow-up (year 5), and as well as an additional fresh fecal sample for isolation ofstrains of Bacteroides thetaiotamicron and Methanobrevibacter smithii from 8 MZpairs and their mothers (years 1and 3).The sample collection protocol will be based on the core director's experience in remote collectionofsamples from over 20,000 twins and relatives in ongoing research studies. Obesity represents a major andgrowing public health problem. The availability of a large cohort of twin pairs with repeated BMIassessments (byboth self-report and informant - corwin or parent report)from baseline assessmentonwards, from whom over 500obese twins have already been identified, offers a unique opportunity toinvestigate host genotype, microbial, and host x microbial effects on obesity risk.
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