Voltage-activated potassium (Kv) channels are two-domain proteins comprised of the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) and the pore domain (PD). These domains appear to be structurally independent except for electromechanical coupling that transfers VSD conformational changes into PD gating. Recent crystallographic structures show the VSDs in the open or so-called up-state. Two crucial questions?which underlie this Program Project?are (a) the structure and orientation of the Kv VSDs in the closed (downstate) and (b) how the VSDs move between the two states. Recent evidence strongly suggests that the phosphate groups of the membrane phospholipids are crucial for state switching due to interactions between lipid phosphate groups and the arginines on the VSD S4 helix. Lipid-protein interactions thus appear fundamental to channel gating. Indirect information about these lipid-protein interactions can be obtained using tarantula toxins, such as VSTxl, that inhibit the activation of Kv channels by binding to the VSD paddle motif mediated by simple water-to-membrane partitioning, suggesting that the toxins bind to the paddle at the protein-lipid interface. But little is known about their molecular interactions with membranes, such as how they are positioned within membranes, what effect they have on membrane structure, or how they dock to VSDs within the membrane. This Project addresses basic aspects of the molecular interactions of VSDs and tarantula toxins with lipid bilayers using neutron diffraction in concert with the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of Project 1. It also lays a foundation for neutron and x-ray studies of VSD conformational changes in supported bilayers under the influence of electrochemical gradients (Project 3).
The Specific Aims of this Project are as follows: (1) Determine the disposition of the KvAP VSD and related proteins in oriented lipid bilayers using neutron diffraction and specific deuteration. The experiments will ultimately provide critical information about the position and orientation of the S3b-S4 voltage-sensing paddle. (2) Determine the interface connections and bilayer perturbations of synthetic VSD S4 helix and related helices incorporated into oriented lipid bilayers using specific deuteration and neutron diffraction. The experiments will clarify the role of lipid phosphates in Kv channel gating. (3) Determine the orientation and penetration depth of the tarantula toxin VSTxl in oriented lipid bilayers using specific deuteration and neutron diffraction. These experiments will reveal the orientation and penetration depth of VSTxl in lipid bilayers and the bilayer perturbations caused by VSTxl. which will provide insights into VSTxl-VSD interactions.
This Program Project investigates how ion channels gate the flow of ions across nerve, muscle, and cardiac cells in response to changes in voltage across their cell membranes. These voltage changes, called action potentials, are the means by which nerve, muscle, and cardiac cells communicate with each other. Many neuromuscular and cardiac diseases arise from defects in the way action potentials are produced. Results from this Program will help us understand the origin of such diseases.
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| Chen, Yuanyuan; Capponi, Sara; Zhu, Lu et al. (2017) YidC Insertase of Escherichia coli: Water Accessibility and Membrane Shaping. Structure 25:1403-1414.e3 |
| Capponi, Sara; Freites, J Alfredo; Tobias, Douglas J et al. (2016) Interleaflet mixing and coupling in liquid-disordered phospholipid bilayers. Biochim Biophys Acta 1858:354-62 |
| Blasic, Joseph R; Worcester, David L; Gawrisch, Klaus et al. (2015) Pore hydration states of KcsA potassium channels in membranes. J Biol Chem 290:26765-75 |
| Freites, J Alfredo; Tobias, Douglas J (2015) Voltage Sensing in Membranes: From Macroscopic Currents to Molecular Motions. J Membr Biol 248:419-30 |
| Amcheslavsky, Anna; Wood, Mona L; Yeromin, Andriy V et al. (2015) Molecular biophysics of Orai store-operated Ca2+ channels. Biophys J 108:237-46 |
| Cymer, Florian; von Heijne, Gunnar; White, Stephen H (2015) Mechanisms of integral membrane protein insertion and folding. J Mol Biol 427:999-1022 |
| Lorch, Sebastian; Capponi, Sara; Pieront, Florian et al. (2015) Dynamic Carboxylate/Water Networks on the Surface of the PsbO Subunit of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 119:12172-81 |
| Worcester, David L; Weinrich, Michael (2015) Hydrostatic Pressure Promotes Domain Formation in Model Lipid Raft Membranes. J Phys Chem Lett 6:4417-21 |
| Capponi, Sara; Heyden, Matthias; Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta et al. (2015) Anomalous behavior of water inside the SecY translocon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:9016-21 |
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