The long-term goal of this project is to understand the consequences of the loss of short-latency proprioceptive feedback for motor coordination during locomotion and targeted reaching. Self-reinnervation of muscle following transection of the nerve can lead to a permanent loss of effective proprioceptive feedback. Peripheral nerve injury can also lead to a long-term disruption of dexterity or motor coordination, even after regrowth of the nerve. The central hypothesis for this project is that sensory feedback from muscle prioprioceptors provides ongoing regulation of coordination and during voluntary motor behavior, and that the loss of this feedback leads to permanent deficits in motor coordination. This hypothesis will be tested by using the method of self- reinnervation to remove effective feedback from selected muscles in the cat and evaluating the motor performance of these animals following the restoration of motor power. The intermuscular distribution of proprioceptive feedback from muscle spindle receptors and Golgi tendon organs will first be determined. Actions of these pathways will be measured by stretching individual muscles or perturbing the forelimb in decerebrate animals and then measuring the resulting force or electromyographic responses. These data will be used to determine the most important sources of sensory feedback. Motor deficits resulting from loss of this feedback will be evaluated in otherwise intact animals by causing the self-reinnervation of selected muscles that supply critical feedback to other muscles in the forelimb. Animals will be filmed during locomotion on ramp surfaces or during targeted reaching movements. Based on similar studies using the hindlimb, the removal of effective feedback is expected to produce a loss of interjoint coordination down a ramp and difficulty in terminating movements of the forelimb. The ability of these animals to compensate for these deficits will be evaluated by long-term experience on the behavioral task. This project will constitute an evaluation of the role of sensory feedback from muscles on the coordination of voluntary movements and of the mechanisms underlying the loss of coordination following peripheral nerve injury.
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