_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Project-2. Salinomycin's Effects and Binding Target Proteins in Pancreatic Cancer (PI: Dr. Erxi Wu) Project Summary Pancreatic Cancer (PC) is a deadly disease and its 5-year survival rate is approximately 6% due to late diagnoses and therapy resistance. The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in PC is considered as a major cause for PC therapy resistance and PC patients' relapse from therapy. Salinomycin, one of the most widely used coccidiostats, has been found to possess profound efficacy towards CSCs and to overcome multiple drug resistance in cancers. Our preliminary data showed that salinomycin possesses strong cytotoxicity against PC cells. We identified two salinomycin's potential binding targets: transcription intermediary factor-1beta (TIF1?) and nucleolin (NCL) in PC cells. However, the action mechanism of salinomycin in PC still remains unclear; especially its direct binding targets. In this project, we propose that the inhibitory effects of salinomycin on cancer and CSCs could be due to 1) the reduction of cell proliferation and survival and/or, 2) the induction of cell differentiation. The goal of this proposed study is to determine salinomycin's binding target proteins and their functions in PC as well as the signaling pathways regulated by salinomycin and its binding proteins. We hypothesize that specific target proteins exist in the salinomycin responsive cells and that salinomycin initiates its function via its binding target proteins.
Three specific aims will be used to test the hypothesis.
Aim 1. To determine the binding target proteins of salinomycin in PC and PC-CSC as well as their clinical relevance using pathological specimens. The direct binding of salinomycin to TIF1b and NCL will be determined using immunoprecipitation and immune-binding approaches. The interaction between salinomycin and its potential targets will be further confirmed by analyzing their association and dissociation profiles. The clinical relevance of TIF1b and NCL will be examined by assessing the correlation of the expression levels of both genes with patients' outcomes.
Aim 2. To determine the roles of TIF1? and NCL for salinomycin against Gemcitabine resistant PC cells. The effects of salinomycin will be analyzed in vitro and in vivo at various conditions including lack or overexpression of TIF1? and/or NCL. The efficacies of salinomycin and the combination with Gemcitabine on PC will be determined using a transgenic mouse model.
Aim 3. To dissect the signaling pathways regulated by salinomycin, gemcitabine, their combination, and the binding proteins of salinomycin in PC cells. The effects of salinomycin and its target proteins on the expression of genes in the key pathways in PC progression will be determined using customized RT-PCR array. The identified targets will be further evaluated using multiple strategies. This proposed study will provide new insight into the mechanism of PC therapy resistance and a theoretical basis for the use of salinomycin or combination with Gem as novel anti-PC regimens. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Project-2. Salinomycin's Effects and Binding Target Proteins in Pancreatic Cancer (PI: Dr. Erxi Wu) Project Narrative Pancreatic cancer is a tremendous public health burden as it has the lowest 5-year survival rate among all types of tumors and a median survival rate of less than 6 months. The existence of cancer stem cells is considered to be one of the major causes for pancreatic cancer therapy resistance and pancreatic cancer patients' relapse from therapy. Salinomycin, one of the most widely used coccidiostats, has been found to possess profound efficacy towards cancer stem cells and to overcome multiple drug resistance in cancers. This study will determine salinomycin's binding target proteins and their functions in pancreatic cancer cells as well as the signaling pathways regulated by salinomycin and its binding proteins. The results from this research project will advance our knowledge in understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of salinomycin and the combination of salinomycin with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer, yielding new insights and strategies for pancreatic cancer interventions. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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