Pneumonia is the leading cause of hospitalization of HIV-positive adults in Soweto, South Africa, where 30% of the population is HIV-positive. Streptococcus pneumoniae is implicated in the etiology of up to 46% of pneumonia episodes in HIV-positive adults in Africa, and the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine appears ineffective and possibly deleterious to the health of African HIV-positive adults not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Data from a recently completed prospective randomized trial of a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine among 39,836 children in Soweto has demonstrated a 72% efficacy of this vaccine in preventing vaccine type invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and a 17% reduction in all pneumonia in these children. A similar vaccine, given to children in the United States, has recently been demonstrated to reduce IPD in adults by means of a herd immunity effect. The vaccine is thought to interrupt transmission of vaccine serotypes (pediatric serotypes) from children to adults. The effectiveness of this approach to prevent IPD (and possibly non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia) depends on the fraction of pediatric serotypes causing invasive disease in adults. ? ? The research team has demonstrated that conjugate pneumococcal vaccines interrupt transmission of pediatric serotypes in children in Soweto. It has also shown there to be a significantly increased risk of pediatric serotypes causing IPD in HIV-positive adults (and particularly in women) in Soweto. This proposal's objective is to determine whether pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of infants will reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease in HIV-positive women. This objective will be met by first (Specific Aim 1) investigating retrospectively whether IPD and pneumonia were reduced in the mothers of 19,922 children vaccinated compared to 19,914 controls enrolled in the previous pediatric vaccine trial. The extent of herd immunity induced by that trial may, however, be expected to be limited. A prospective study (Specific Aim 2) will ascertain the vaccine preventable burden of IPD and pneumonia in 2,000 adults in the community prior to the routine introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in infants in order to assess the impact of that intervention on IPD and pneumonia in HIV-positive women. ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Center Core Grants (P30)
Project #
3P30AI050409-06S2
Application #
6778684
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAI1-GB-A (J2))
Program Officer
Young, Janet M
Project Start
2002-09-30
Project End
2007-07-31
Budget Start
2004-09-30
Budget End
2005-07-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$307,029
Indirect Cost
Name
Emory University
Department
Type
Schools of Public Health
DUNS #
066469933
City
Atlanta
State
GA
Country
United States
Zip Code
30322
Mustanski, Brian; Parsons, Jeffrey T; Sullivan, Patrick S et al. (2018) Biomedical and Behavioral Outcomes of Keep It Up!: An eHealth HIV Prevention Program RCT. Am J Prev Med 55:151-158
Martin, Maureen P; Naranbhai, Vivek; Shea, Patrick R et al. (2018) Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 3DL1 variation modifies HLA-B*57 protection against HIV-1. J Clin Invest 128:1903-1912
Sam, Soya S; Caliendo, Angela M; Ingersoll, Jessica et al. (2018) Evaluation of Performance Characteristics of Panther Fusion Assays for Detection of Respiratory Viruses from Nasopharyngeal and Lower Respiratory Tract Specimens. J Clin Microbiol 56:
Jenness, Samuel M; Goodreau, Steven M; Morris, Martina (2018) EpiModel: An R Package for Mathematical Modeling of Infectious Disease over Networks. J Stat Softw 84:
Singleton, Robyn; Winskell, Kate; McLeod, Haley et al. (2018) Young Africans' social representations of sexual abuse of power in their HIV-related creative narratives, 2005-2014: cultural scripts and applied possibilities. Cult Health Sex :1-16
Eckard, Allison Ross; Raggi, Paolo; O'Riordan, Mary Ann et al. (2018) Effects of vitamin D supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness in HIV-infected youth. Virulence 9:294-305
Lahiri, Cecile D; Brown, Nakita L; Ryan, Kevin J et al. (2018) HIV RNA persists in rectal tissue despite rapid plasma virologic suppression with dolutegravir-based therapy. AIDS 32:2151-2159
Hussen, Sophia A; Easley, Kirk A; Smith, Justin C et al. (2018) Social Capital, Depressive Symptoms, and HIV Viral Suppression Among Young Black, Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 22:3024-3032
Holloway, Ian W; Bednarczyk, Robert; Fenimore, Vincent L et al. (2018) Factors Associated with Immunization Opinion Leadership among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Los Angeles, California. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15:
Halpin, Sean N; Carruth, Edwin Clayton; Rai, Ramona P et al. (2018) Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Persons living with HIV in the Era of Combined Antiretroviral Treatment. AIDS Behav 22:848-852

Showing the most recent 10 out of 1005 publications