This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Center for In Vivo Microscopy shared existing data. The goal of our work is to better understand the site of deposition of vaccines administered nasally as a spray (liquid or dry powder) and their rate of clearance. Various vaccine formulations (both liquid and dry powder) that are associated with increased or decreased immunogenicity of the nasally administered vaccine will be evaluated to determine if the site of vaccine deposition and the rate of clearance are associated with the efficacy/immunogenicity of the vaccine. Imaging studies are crucial for this work. Nasal immunization of large animals (guinea pigs, rabbits, non-human primates) is not as effective as nasal immunization of mice based on the magnitude of the antigen-specific immune response induced. Our hypothesis is that nasal immunization of larger animals is not as effective as observed in mice due to ineffective vaccine delivery of larger animals. We would like to identify the nasal vaccine formula on the nasal mucosal surfaces and determine the movement of the vaccine over time (mucociliary clearance). Additionally, we would like to determine if vaccine formulations that alter the immunogenicity of the vaccine affect its distribution and clearance in vivo.
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