This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing theresources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject andinvestigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source,and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed isfor the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator.An early diagnosis of malignancies correlates directly with a better prognosis. Yet for many malignancies there are no readily available, non invasive, cost effective diagnostic tests. Too often the patient presents too late for effective treatment. My 2007 results, from research conducted at the BioCAT Facility, have shown for the first time the use of fibre diffraction patterns of skin or nails as a biometric diagnostic method for detecting neoplastic or neurological disorders including but not limited to breast, colon, and prostate cancers, melanoma and Alzheimer's disease. These alternative tissues appear to hold more promise than the earlier hair diffraction study as the many disorder problems, resulting from handling, mounting and cosmetic treatments that have plagued the hair diffraction diagnostic tests, have been eliminated. Results to date show that nail diffraction studies, using a newly developed and quite different experimental procedure, may provide an alternative diagnostic test for breast and colon cancers and Alzheimer's disease. The skin diffraction study has to date revealed 'signature changes' specific to the presence of either prostate cancer or melanoma, neither of which cancers caused any change in hair even with samples from patients with Grade 7 cancers. More tests are necessary to obtain statistically reliable specificities and sensitivities and to extend the study to other promising neoplastic diseases. With such suitable further development, a totally non-invasive yet reliable diagnostic test for these neoplastic and neurological diseases could be conducted on a regular basis as a mass screening test using suitable beam-lines at synchrotrons.
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