Blockade of inhibitory molecules on T cells has been shown to be an effective Immunotherapy strategy to treat cancer. The prototypic inhibitory molecule is CTLA-4, which is induced upon T cell activation and acts to inhibit proliferation. We hypothesized that although CTLA-4 is necessary to maintain homeostasis and prevent autoimmune responses, it might also limit effective anti-tumor immune responses. We developed anti-CTLA-4 and used it to successfully treat tumors in murine models. Our data were translated to the clinic and a phase 3 trial with anti-CTLA-4 was recently shown to lead to durable regression of disease and survival benefit in some patients with metastatic melanoma. Because anti-CTLA-4 therapy is not tumor specific, and phase 1 and 2 clinical trials have demonstrated a clinical response in patients with prostate cancer, a phase 3 clinical trial is currently accruing patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).
Our specific aims are as follows: 1. To determine the effects of immune checkpoint blockade and targeted therapies on immune function and anti-tumor responses, a) To determine quantitative changes in immune cell subpopulations of wild-type mice following treatment, b) To determine changes in antigen-specific T cell functions using adoptive T cell transfer, c) To optimize anti-tumor responses in murine prostate cancer models using combinations of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade. 2. To determine the role of sB7-H3 and sB7-H4 in prostate cancer, a) To assay patient serum samples for SB7-H3 and sB7-H4 and correlate levels with disease status, b) To determine the immunomodulatory effects of SB7-H4 in vitro. 3. To determine whether CTLA-4 blockade in CRPC results in detectable immunological changes that correlate with clinical outcomes, a) To assess antibody responses against tumor antigens in treated patients, b) To assess ICOS (inducible co-stimulator) expression on T cells in treated patients, c) To assess serum levels of SB7-H3

Public Health Relevance

Current treatments for prostate cancer are inadequate in that responses are usually not durable. Therapies that target the AR and PISK pathways more efficiently (ARN-509 and BEZ235) are perhaps the most promising non-immunotherapeutic agents in development for prostate cancer.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Specialized Center (P50)
Project #
5P50CA092629-13
Application #
8567065
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZCA1-RPRB-M)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
2013-09-01
Budget End
2014-08-31
Support Year
13
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$122,210
Indirect Cost
$55,392
Name
Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research
Department
Type
DUNS #
064931884
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10065
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Assel, Melissa; Dahlin, Anders; Ulmert, David et al. (2018) Association Between Lead Time and Prostate Cancer Grade: Evidence of Grade Progression from Long-term Follow-up of Large Population-based Cohorts Not Subject to Prostate-specific Antigen Screening. Eur Urol 73:961-967
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