The targeted inactivation of specific oncogenes can result in the dramatic regression of cancers through the phenomenon of oncogene addiction (1-7). However, it is difficult to predict which tumors will exhibit addiction to a particular oncogene and which patients with cancer will respond to particular targeted therapies. We hypothesize that through the use of mathematical and statistical modeling together with quantitative molecular imaginq, we can predict verv early after the initiation of a therapv whether cancer patients will respond to tarqeted oncogene inactivation. As a direct outgrowth of our previous four years work as members of the Stanford ICMIC program, we have developed an approach to mathematically model tumorigenesis in conditional transgenic models of lung adenocarcinoma utilizing quantitative microCT imaging combined with in situ analysis. Our goal was to address two important and related questions: i) what is the biological mechanism governing the dramatic response of oncogene addicted tumors following oncogene inactivation and ii) how can we best predict which tumors are oncogene addicted versus which are not. To address these questions, we have made use of mechanistic modeling based on ordinary differential equations, together with data-driven statistical modeling based on support vector machine classifiers. Using a mechanistic model, we have found that oncogene inactivation in oncogene addicted tumors can be modeled as a differential attenuation of pro-survival and pro-death intracellular signals. Using a data-driven statistical model, we have been able to predict shortly after oncogene inactivation whether tumors are oncogene addicted or not. Moreover, we provide preliminary results showing that our predictive model can be applied to human patients (N=43) with lung tumors treated by EGFR inhibition with eriotinib, in order to predict both genotype and progression free survival. To date, we have focused on the use of anatomical imaging (microCT) and immunohistochemical analyses to provide the data for our models. However, anatomical imaging does not provide information on the biological activity of a tumor, while immunohistochemistry does not allow for serial sampling of a given tumor. We believe that we can now significantly improve our models and enhance their clinical transiational applicability for the analysis of human lung tumors by incorporating PET and SPECT imaging. In particular, we will incorporate molecular imaging of proliferation [FLT microPET] and apoptosis [ [99] Tc-AxV microSPECT] into our mechanistic model of oncogene addiction to replace immunohistochemical analyses, and into our predictive model of oncogene addiction status to improve the predictive power of the model. Furthermore, we will make use of a novel nanoscale proteomic technology, the Nano-lmmuno-Assay (NIA), for interrogating protein expression and phosphorylation in tumor samples (8). Thus, we will significantly enhance and extend our mathematical models and perform a prospective validation of our approach in a clinical study.

Public Health Relevance

Our work will result in the development of new imaging methods and computational strategies to predict when oncogene inactivation will be therapeutically effective in the treatment of human lung cancer.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Specialized Center (P50)
Project #
5P50CA114747-07
Application #
8327616
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZCA1)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
2011-09-01
Budget End
2012-08-31
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$123,005
Indirect Cost
Name
Stanford University
Department
Type
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94305
Natarajan, Arutselvan; Patel, Chirag B; Ramakrishnan, Sindhuja et al. (2018) A Novel Engineered Small Protein for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Human Programmed Death Ligand-1 : Validation in Mouse Models and Human Cancer Tissues. Clin Cancer Res :
Sun, Yao; Zeng, Xiaodong; Xiao, Yuling et al. (2018) Novel dual-function near-infrared II fluorescence and PET probe for tumor delineation and image-guided surgery. Chem Sci 9:2092-2097
Natarajan, Arutselvan; Patel, Chirag B; Habte, Frezghi et al. (2018) Dosimetry Prediction for Clinical Translation of 64Cu-Pembrolizumab ImmunoPET Targeting Human PD-1 Expression. Sci Rep 8:633
Habte, Frezghi; Natarajan, Arutselvan; Paik, David S et al. (2018) Quantification of Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging (CLI) Comparable With 3-D PET Standard Measurements. Mol Imaging 17:1536012118788637
Hong, Su Hyun; Sun, Yao; Tang, Chu et al. (2017) Chelator-Free and Biocompatible Melanin Nanoplatform with Facile-Loading Gadolinium and Copper-64 for Bioimaging. Bioconjug Chem 28:1925-1930
Shen, Bin; Behera, Deepak; James, Michelle L et al. (2017) Visualizing Nerve Injury in a Neuropathic Pain Model with [18F]FTC-146 PET/MRI. Theranostics 7:2794-2805
Loft, Mathias Dyrberg; Sun, Yao; Liu, Changhao et al. (2017) Improved positron emission tomography imaging of glioblastoma cancer using novel 68Ga-labeled peptides targeting the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Amino Acids 49:1089-1100
Natarajan, Arutselvan; Mayer, Aaron T; Reeves, Robert E et al. (2017) Development of Novel ImmunoPET Tracers to Image Human PD-1 Checkpoint Expression on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in a Humanized Mouse Model. Mol Imaging Biol 19:903-914
Hori, Sharon Seiko; Lutz, Amelie M; Paulmurugan, Ramasamy et al. (2017) A Model-Based Personalized Cancer Screening Strategy for Detecting Early-Stage Tumors Using Blood-Borne Biomarkers. Cancer Res 77:2570-2584
Ronald, John A; Kim, Byung-Su; Gowrishankar, Gayatri et al. (2017) A PET Imaging Strategy to Visualize Activated T Cells in Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease Elicited by Allogenic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant. Cancer Res 77:2893-2902

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