Over 3.4 million adolescents in the U.S. meet criteria for a substance use disorder, but less than 10% enter treatment each year (US DHHS, 2000a, 2000b). Data suggest that as many as 60% of parents who are aware and concerned about their adolescent's substance use are unable to get them into treatment without assistance (Szapocznik et al., 1988) and very little research has examined methods to help them. Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) has good empirical support for helping family members foster treatment entry of treatment-resistant adults, but it has not been tested in a controlled trial with parents of substance-abusing adolescents. This project will conduct a Stage I behavior therapy pilot study to modify CRAFT (CRAFT-P) and Alanon/Naranon Facilitation (ANF) for use with parents who are concerned about an out-of-treatment adolescent. A Stage II two-group randomized controlled clinical trial will then compare CRAFT-P (n=77) vs ANF (n=77) to determine if the occurrence of adolescent treatment entry significantly differs. Mixed effects models will he used to determine if participants who are enrolled in the CRAFT-P condition report reductions in adolescent substance use and behavior problems, and improvements in parenting skills, social functioning, mood, and in parent-adolescent relationship satisfaction. Problems related to a substance abusing loved affect a wide variety of American families, in all areas of the country and at all income levels (Hudson et al., 2002;Kirby et al., 2005). Research suggests that most parents not only are motivated to help their children to address their substance abuse problems, they often are able to influence them. Unfortunately, few community-based treatment programs use empirically-based family interventions that are likely to help parents engage their child in treatment, improve treatment retention, provide effective aftercare support, and help interrupt their child's trajectory from substance use to dependence. Since parents can complete CRAFT Independent of their child, it could be disseminated to them not only through community-based adolescent substance abuse treatments, but also through private practitioners and community-based mental health programs. Moreover, preliminary data suggest that, if effective, CRAFT-P could also be disseminated directly to parents via the internet. Given that the first goal of the Parents Translation Research Center is to provide effective tools for parents of substance using adolescents, this study represents an important step In that direction. Interactions with parents on our Parent Advisory Board and elsewhere suggest that many parents feel desperate for this type of help.

Public Health Relevance

Over 2.5 million adolescents in the U.S. meet criteria for a substance use disorder, but only 5% enter treatment each year. Data suggest that the majority of concerned parents are unable on their own to get their child to enter treatment. This study will modify an empirically supported treatment known as Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) for use with parents of adolescent drug users and compare it to Alanon/Naranon Facilitation Training to see if it is efficacious in facilitating treatment entry for adolescents

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Specialized Center (P50)
Project #
5P50DA027841-02
Application #
8294813
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZDA1)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
2011-07-01
Budget End
2012-06-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$573,502
Indirect Cost
Name
Treatment Research Institute, Inc. (TRI)
Department
Type
DUNS #
798390928
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19106
Piehler, Timothy F; Winters, Ken C (2017) Decision-making style and response to parental involvement in brief interventions for adolescent substance use. J Fam Psychol 31:336-346
Kirby, Kimberly C; Benishek, Lois A; Kerwin, MaryLouise E et al. (2017) Analyzing components of Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT): Is treatment entry training sufficient? Psychol Addict Behav 31:818-827
Kirby, Kimberly C; Benishek, Lois A; Tabit, Mary B (2016) Contingency management works, clients like it, and it is cost-effective. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 42:250-3
Washio, Yukiko; Cassey, Heather (2016) Systematic Review of Interventions for Racial/Ethnic-Minority Pregnant Smokers. J Smok Cessat 11:12-27
Washio, Yukiko; Mericle, Amy A; Cassey, Heather et al. (2016) Characteristics of Low-income Racial/Ethnic Minority Pregnant Women Screening Positive for Alcohol Risk. J Immigr Minor Health 18:850-5
Piehler, Timothy F; Winters, Ken C (2015) Parental involvement in brief interventions for adolescent marijuana use. Psychol Addict Behav 29:512-21
Mericle, Amy A; Arria, Amelia M; Meyers, Kathy et al. (2015) National Trends in Adolescent Substance Use Disorders and Treatment Availability: 2003-2010. J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse 24:255-263
Arria, Amelia M; Kirby, Kimberly C (2015) Introduction to Special Issue: Translational Research to Help Parents Respond to Adolescent Substance Use Problems. J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse 24:131-133
Kerwin, MaryLouise E; Kirby, Kimberly C; Speziali, Dominic et al. (2015) What Can Parents Do? A Review of State Laws Regarding Decision Making for Adolescent Drug Abuse and Mental Health Treatment. J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse 24:166-176
Kirby, Kimberly C; Versek, Brian; Kerwin, MaryLouise E et al. (2015) Developing Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) for Parents of Treatment-Resistant Adolescents. J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse 24:155-165

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