Penetrating Injuries of the brain are a frequent cause of epilepsy in man, making it important to understand the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. Loss of inhibition has been found in a number of models of epilepsy and may be important in posttraumatic human seizure disorders.
The specific aims of the proposed experiments focus on two types of abnormality, found in a group of inhibitory cells within the partial cortical isolation model of posttraumatic epilepsy. These fast-spiking (FS) interneurons have a major influence on the control of runaway activity in the cortex which, if unchecked, can lead to epileptic seizures. Anatomical changes in the axons of FS cells suggest that they make fewer functional contacts that would release GABA on themselves via """"""""autaptic1 synapses, and on excitatory pyramidal cells. They also have reductions in a vital enzyme, the sodium pump. In vitro slices from chronically injured epileptogenic cortex together with patch clamp techniques and dual recordings will be used to assess the functional disorders in inhibition that occur as a result of these axonal abnormalities. The long term goal of such experiments is to uncover links between injury and the appearance of epilepsy that can be modified by strategies for prevention or treatment, such as development of targeted drugs. For example, if reductions in the """"""""sodium pump"""""""" contribute to cortical hyperexcitability and epileptogenesis, if may be possible to use pharmacological agents or neurotransmitters to boost pump activity and ameliorate seizure activity. The discovery that important cortical inhibitory neurons are """"""""disconnected"""""""" from their targets after injury, rather than being killed, may open the way for approaches that will promote """"""""rewiring"""""""" of these connections to restore the balance between excitatory and inhibitory processes in the damaged areas. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Specialized Center (P50)
Project #
2P50NS012151-32A1
Application #
7315826
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZNS1-SRB-G (10))
Program Officer
Jacobs, Margaret
Project Start
1997-12-01
Project End
2012-06-30
Budget Start
2007-07-15
Budget End
2008-06-30
Support Year
32
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$1,086,721
Indirect Cost
Name
Stanford University
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94305
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Takahashi, D Koji; Gu, Feng; Parada, Isabel et al. (2016) Aberrant excitatory rewiring of layer V pyramidal neurons early after neocortical trauma. Neurobiol Dis 91:166-81
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Jin, Xiaoming; Jiang, Kewen; Prince, David A (2014) Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connectivity to layer V fast-spiking interneurons in the freeze lesion model of cortical microgyria. J Neurophysiol 112:1703-13
Mantoan Ritter, Laura; Golshani, Peyman; Takahashi, Koji et al. (2014) WONOEP appraisal: optogenetic tools to suppress seizures and explore the mechanisms of epileptogenesis. Epilepsia 55:1693-702
Dulla, C G; Tani, H; Brill, J et al. (2013) Glutamate biosensor imaging reveals dysregulation of glutamatergic pathways in a model of developmental cortical malformation. Neurobiol Dis 49:232-46
Ma, Yunyong; Ramachandran, Anu; Ford, Naomi et al. (2013) Remodeling of dendrites and spines in the C1q knockout model of genetic epilepsy. Epilepsia 54:1232-9
Carter, Matthew E; Brill, Julia; Bonnavion, Patricia et al. (2012) Mechanism for Hypocretin-mediated sleep-to-wake transitions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:E2635-44
Zhang, Wei; Huguenard, John R; Buckmaster, Paul S (2012) Increased excitatory synaptic input to granule cells from hilar and CA3 regions in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosci 32:1183-96

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