Aerobic exercise (AEX) intensity may be an important factor affecting the selective loss of abdominal fat when combined with a hypocaloric diet (DIET). The goal of this study is to determine the cellular mechanisms by which AEX intensity affects the loss of abdominal (both subcutaneous and visceral) adipose tissue under conditions of equal energy deficit in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity. The hypothesis is that, compared to DIET alone or DIET with low-intensity AEX, DIET with high-intensity AEX will augment the loss of abdominal fat and improvements in metabolic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors due to greater reductions in lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and to greater increases in lipolysis, in abdominal, relative to gluteal, adipose tissue.
The specific aims are: 1) to determine the cellular mechanisms by which DIET alone, or DIET combined with low- or high-intensity AEX, affects region-specific fat loss by measuring changes in abdominal and gluteal adipose tissue LPL activity and lipolysis in postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity; and 2) to determine the effects of DIET alone, or DIET combined with low- or high-intensity AEX on lipoprotein lipids, glucose tolerance, and insulin levels in these women. We also will measure messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of genes that may be involved in the regulation of regional fat storage to begin to determine how DIET with and without AEX of different intensities affects gene expression to alter body fat distribution. Body composition and fat distribution (DXA and computed tomography), LPL activity, lipolysis, mRNA expression of genes from gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue, and lipoprotein lipids and glucose tolerance will be measured before and after six months of DIET with high-intensity AEX, DIET with low-intensity AEX, or DIET alone in 120 (40 per treatment group) overweight (BMI=25-35 kg/m2), postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity (waist circumference greater than 88 cm). The degree of caloric restriction during DIET will be adjusted so that total caloric deficit (about 2800 kcals/wk) will be similar between treatments. Both AEX groups will expend 400 kcal/wk in exercise energy expenditure and will reduce dietary intake by about 2400 kcal/wk (about 340 kcal/day). Identification of the mechanisms by which DIET with and without AEX of different intensities affects regional uptake and mobilization of triglyceride to alter body fat distribution will have important clinical implications for the development of the most effective treatment to promote the preferential loss of abdominal fat and improve CVD metabolic risk factors in older women with abdominal obesity.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01AG020583-03S1
Application #
6948387
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Nayfield, Susan G
Project Start
2002-07-01
Project End
2007-06-30
Budget Start
2004-09-30
Budget End
2005-06-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$19,172
Indirect Cost
Name
Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
937727907
City
Winston-Salem
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27157
Maldonado-Martín, Sara; Brubaker, Peter H; Eggebeen, Joel et al. (2017) Association Between 6-Minute Walk Test Distance and Objective Variables of Functional Capacity After Exercise Training in Elderly Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Exercise Trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 98:600-603
Zhang, Tan; Brinkley, Tina E; Liu, Keqin et al. (2017) Circulating MiRNAs as biomarkers of gait speed responses to aerobic exercise training in obese older adults. Aging (Albany NY) 9:900-913
Henderson, Rebecca M; Leng, X Iris; Chmelo, Elizabeth A et al. (2017) Gait speed response to aerobic versus resistance exercise training in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 29:969-976
Normandin, Eve; Chmelo, Elizabeth; Lyles, Mary F et al. (2017) Effect of Resistance Training and Caloric Restriction on the Metabolic Syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 49:413-419
Upadhya, Bharathi; Rocco, Michael; Lewis, Cora E et al. (2017) Effect of Intensive Blood Pressure Treatment on Heart Failure Events in the Systolic Blood Pressure Reduction Intervention Trial. Circ Heart Fail 10:
Choi, Seung J; Files, D Clark; Zhang, Tan et al. (2016) Intramyocellular Lipid and Impaired Myofiber Contraction in Normal Weight and Obese Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 71:557-64
Jefferson, Margie E; Nicklas, Barbara J; Chmelo, Elizabeth A et al. (2016) Effects of Resistance Training With and Without Caloric Restriction on Arterial Stiffness in Overweight and Obese Older Adults. Am J Hypertens 29:494-500
Chmelo, E A; Beavers, D P; Lyles, M F et al. (2016) Legacy effects of short-term intentional weight loss on total body and thigh composition in overweight and obese older adults. Nutr Diabetes 6:e203
Messi, María Laura; Li, Tao; Wang, Zhong-Min et al. (2016) Resistance Training Enhances Skeletal Muscle Innervation Without Modifying the Number of Satellite Cells or their Myofiber Association in Obese Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 71:1273-80
Sergeant, Susan; Ruczinski, Ingo; Ivester, Priscilla et al. (2016) Impact of methods used to express levels of circulating fatty acids on the degree and direction of associations with blood lipids in humans. Br J Nutr 115:251-61

Showing the most recent 10 out of 50 publications