Shigella spp. cause disease by invading and multiplying within human colonic epithelial cells. Successful infection requires appropriate timing of virulence gene expression and the efficient acquisition of nutrients within the host;however, the sensing and acquisition of carbon sources and other nutrients by Shigella during infection is poorly understood. This application focuses on the role of carbon metabolism pathways in the virulence of Shigella flexneri. Our data suggest that S. flexneri uses information about the available carbon sources to determine the attachment and initial steps in invasion of host epithelial cells. Once inside the host cells, the bacteria must adjust their metabolism to take advantage of the different carbon sources available in the intracellular environment. The carbon and other nutrient sources present in the host cell cytoplasm and the pathways used by intracellular Shigella to obtain these sources are largely unknown. The first specific aim is to define the carbon and nutrient sources available to S. flexneri in the intracellular environment of the host. Using metabolomics, we can assess the nutrients present in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells and follow changes in the metabolome during the course of infection. Once we have identified the carbon sources that are present, our second aim is to determine the pathways the bacteria use to assimilate these nutrients. We will use proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of the intracellular bacteria to define the carbon metabolism genes expressed by intracellular S. flexneri. These will be complemented by genetic analysis to determine which of the expressed pathways are required for, or contribute to, intracellular growth. We will construct mutants that are defective in one or more of the carbon metabolism genes expressed intracellularly and test their ability to invade and cause plaques.
The third aim i s to determine the mechanism by which a regulator of central carbon metabolism, Cra, is linked to S. flexneri invasion and cell-to-cell spread. A mutation in cra markedly increased S. flexneri adherence to epithelial cells but limited cell-to-cell spread, pointing to a link between S. flexnei carbon metabolism and virulence. We will use genetic and biochemical characterization of the cra mutant to determine the mechanism of Cra's effect on virulence. Taken together, the data generated in this study will provide essential information on carbon metabolism and its role in Shigella virulence, and will contribute significantly to our broader understanding of the physiology and metabolism of S. flexneri in the host cell environment. Such data are applicable to the design of therapeutics targeting intracellular S. flexneri, as well as to the design of vaccines based on antigens expressed when the bacteria are growing within host cells.

Public Health Relevance

Shigella flexneri and related species are major sources of human diarrheal disease, affecting more than 100,000,000 people each year. This bacterium infects and grows within human intestinal epithelial cells, but many steps in this process are poorly understood. By characterizing the mechanisms of nutrient sensing and nutrient acquisition in the host cells, we will gain important knowledge about adaptation of bacteria to the host environment and potential means for interrupting the disease process.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01AI016935-29A1
Application #
8605783
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-IDM-V (02))
Program Officer
Mills, Melody
Project Start
1980-09-30
Project End
2018-08-31
Budget Start
2013-09-11
Budget End
2014-08-31
Support Year
29
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$358,464
Indirect Cost
$123,464
Name
University of Texas Austin
Department
Biology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
170230239
City
Austin
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
78712
Koestler, Benjamin J; Ward, Cara M; Payne, Shelley M (2018) Shigella Pathogenesis Modeling with Tissue Culture Assays. Curr Protoc Microbiol 50:e57
Koestler, Benjamin J; Fisher, Carolyn R; Payne, Shelley M (2018) Formate Promotes Shigella Intercellular Spread and Virulence Gene Expression. MBio 9:
Rossi, Rachael M; Yum, Lauren; Agaisse, Hervé et al. (2017) Cardiolipin Synthesis and Outer Membrane Localization Are Required for Shigella flexneri Virulence. MBio 8:
Carpenter, Chandra; Payne, Shelley M (2014) Regulation of iron transport systems in Enterobacteriaceae in response to oxygen and iron availability. J Inorg Biochem 133:110-7
Carpenter, Chandra D; Cooley, Benjamin J; Needham, Brittany D et al. (2014) The Vps/VacJ ABC transporter is required for intercellular spread of Shigella flexneri. Infect Immun 82:660-9
Waligora, E A; Fisher, C R; Hanovice, N J et al. (2014) Role of intracellular carbon metabolism pathways in Shigella flexneri virulence. Infect Immun 82:2746-55
Marman, Hannah E; Mey, Alexandra R; Payne, Shelley M (2014) Elongation factor P and modifying enzyme PoxA are necessary for virulence of Shigella flexneri. Infect Immun 82:3612-21
Pieper, Rembert; Fisher, C R; Suh, Moo-Jin et al. (2013) Analysis of the proteome of intracellular Shigella flexneri reveals pathways important for intracellular growth. Infect Immun 81:4635-48
Ma, Li; Payne, Shelley M (2012) AhpC is required for optimal production of enterobactin by Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 194:6748-57
Broach, William H; Egan, Nicholas; Wing, Helen J et al. (2012) VirF-independent regulation of Shigella virB transcription is mediated by the small RNA RyhB. PLoS One 7:e38592

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