The Parvovirinae are small non-enveloped icosahedral viruses that are important pathogens in many animal species including humans. They possess 5kb linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes and their replication relies extensively on host nuclear factors. Our recent work has shown how the expression profiles of many of the parvoviruses feature impressively intricate processes of transcriptional transactivation, alternative RNA processing, and alternative translation initiation, which maximize their coding capacity. We have identified three aspects critical for parvovirus replication to pursue in this application. 1. Unlike AAV2, AAV5 Rep-encoding P19-generated transcripts are polyadenylated within the central intron and therefore not spliced, precluding an AAV2-like mechanism for making both Rep 40 and Rep52. Surprisingly, AAV5 ensures the production of the essential Rep 40-like protein by utilizing a new internal translation initiation event. The 150 nt RNA region lying between the two AUGs of AAV5 functions as a novel, positively-acting signal to program internal initiation. Thus, we propose in Specific Aim I: to characterize alternative translation initiation of the AAV small rep gene. 2. Translation of the goose parvovirus (GPV) spliced rep gene mRNA initiates internally, specifically bypassing a strong initiating AUG used in unspliced RNA. Although the internal initiation choice occurs in the cytoplasm during translation, it is dictated by elements within the GPV intron not present in the translated mRNA. Alternative translation initiation of the rep-gene is directed by the splicing process itself, and by the nature of the intervening intron, and thus nuclear processing of GPV RNAs influences the translation fate of these RNAs in the cytoplasm. Therefore, we propose in Specific Aim II: to characterize how nuclear RNA processing events govern alternative translation of GPV mRNAs. 3. The capsid gene of minute virus of canines (MVC) contains a potent internal polyadenylation site, and we have recently discovered that the MVC NP1 protein is essential for the accumulation in the cytoplasm of partially-processed MVC capsid gene mRNAs that retain that site, and thus required for the production of the capsid proteins. This represents a novel way in which this parvovirus regulates access to capsid gene information. NP1 is the first parvovirus protein shown to be directly involved in RNA processing, and appears to act in a unique manner. Thus, we propose in Specific Aim III: to characterize the function of NP1, a unique viral RNA processing factor. These studies will clarify critical aspects of parvovirus gene expression and will develop new paradigms in the field. Our systems afford highly tractable, tightly controlled models that are positioned to both advance parvovirology and to deliver significant insight into fundamental aspects of gene expression.

Public Health Relevance

The Parvovirinae are small non-enveloped icosahedral viruses that are important pathogens in many animal species including humans. They possess small linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes and their replication relies extensively on host nuclear factors. Our studies will clarify critical aspects of parvovirus gene expression, develop new paradigms in the field, and deliver significant insight into fundamental aspects of gene expression.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01AI046458-14
Application #
9214296
Study Section
Virology - A Study Section (VIRA)
Program Officer
Park, Eun-Chung
Project Start
2000-02-01
Project End
2019-02-28
Budget Start
2017-03-01
Budget End
2018-02-28
Support Year
14
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$383,750
Indirect Cost
$133,750
Name
University of Missouri-Columbia
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
153890272
City
Columbia
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
65211
Majumder, Kinjal; Wang, Juexin; Boftsi, Maria et al. (2018) Parvovirus minute virus of mice interacts with sites of cellular DNA damage to establish and amplify its lytic infection. Elife 7:
Dong, Yanming; Fasina, Olufemi O; Pintel, David J (2018) The Human Bocavirus 1 NP1 Protein Is a Multifunctional Regulator of Viral RNA Processing. J Virol 92:
Majumder, Kinjal; Etingov, Igor; Pintel, David J (2017) Protoparvovirus Interactions with the Cellular DNA Damage Response. Viruses 9:
Fasina, Olufemi O; Stupps, Stephanie; Figueroa-Cuilan, Wanda et al. (2017) Minute Virus of Canines NP1 Protein Governs the Expression of a Subset of Essential Nonstructural Proteins via Its Role in RNA Processing. J Virol 91:
Fasina, Olufemi O; Dong, Yanming; Pintel, David J (2016) NP1 Protein of the Bocaparvovirus Minute Virus of Canines Controls Access to the Viral Capsid Genes via Its Role in RNA Processing. J Virol 90:1718-28
Adeyemi, Richard O; Pintel, David J (2014) Parvovirus-induced depletion of cyclin B1 prevents mitotic entry of infected cells. PLoS Pathog 10:e1003891
Cotmore, Susan F; Agbandje-McKenna, Mavis; Chiorini, John A et al. (2014) The family Parvoviridae. Arch Virol 159:1239-47
Adeyemi, Richard O; Pintel, David J (2014) The ATR signaling pathway is disabled during infection with the parvovirus minute virus of mice. J Virol 88:10189-99
Adeyemi, Richard O; Fuller, Matthew S; Pintel, David J (2014) Efficient parvovirus replication requires CRL4Cdt2-targeted depletion of p21 to prevent its inhibitory interaction with PCNA. PLoS Pathog 10:e1004055
Sukhu, Loretta; Fasina, Olufemi; Burger, Lisa et al. (2013) Characterization of the nonstructural proteins of the bocavirus minute virus of canines. J Virol 87:1098-104

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