Our research is in the general area of molecular genetics and deals specifically with the structure and function of eukaryotic genes and chromosomes. The long range objectives are to define the structural organization of the centromeres and the telomeric regions of eukaryotic chromosomes, and to understand the molecular mechanims of chromosome segregation in mitotic and meiotic cell divisions. We rely in part on the use of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as an experimental system, because molecular cloning technology coupled with a DNA transformation system can be used to isolate and study functional centromeric DNA from this organism. Thus, we are able to construct in vitro centromere-containing plasmids that replicate and segregate properly through mitosis and meiosis in the yeast cell. These minichromosomes constitute an invaluable probe for the study of chromosome structure and function.
Specific aims of the propose research include: (1) studies on centromete structure, including the nucleotide sequences of centromere DNAs and their nucleosomal organization; (2) isolation and characterization of centromere binding proteins; (3) studies on the role of centromere binding proteins in cell division and chromosome segregation; (4) investigation of the molecular interaction between centromere DNA, centromere binding proteins, and tubulin and/or microtubules; (5) functional studies on minichromosomes, including the mechanism of meiotic pairing and segregation, centromere-replicator interactions and copy number control; (6) studies on linear minichromosomes and the isolation and structural properties of yeast telomeric DNAs; and (7) comparative studies on centromeres and centromere binding proteins from yeast and other eukaryotes. Studies on the molecular mechanisms of cell division and chromosome segregation in yeast will offer an approach to the understanding of the mechanisms as they function normally and abnormally in higher eukaryotes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA011034-17
Application #
3163424
Study Section
Genetics Study Section (GEN)
Project Start
1977-01-01
Project End
1986-12-31
Budget Start
1985-01-01
Budget End
1985-12-31
Support Year
17
Fiscal Year
1985
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Santa Barbara
Department
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
City
Santa Barbara
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
93106
Mishra, Prashant K; Baum, Mary; Carbon, John (2011) DNA methylation regulates phenotype-dependent transcriptional activity in Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:11965-70
Mishra, Prashant K; Baum, Mary; Carbon, John (2007) Centromere size and position in Candida albicans are evolutionarily conserved independent of DNA sequence heterogeneity. Mol Genet Genomics 278:455-65
Baum, Mary; Sanyal, Kaustuv; Mishra, Prashant K et al. (2006) Formation of functional centromeric chromatin is specified epigenetically in Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:14877-82
Sanyal, Kaustuv; Baum, Mary; Carbon, John (2004) Centromeric DNA sequences in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans are all different and unique. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:11374-9
Stoyan, Tanja; Carbon, John (2004) Inner kinetochore of the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata. Eukaryot Cell 3:1154-63
Yoon, H-J (2004) A novel small-molecule inhibitor of the chromosome segregation process in yeast. Mol Genet Genomics 271:490-8
Sanyal, Kaustuv; Carbon, John (2002) The CENP-A homolog CaCse4p in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans is a centromere protein essential for chromosome transmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:12969-74
Stoyan, T; Gloeckner, G; Diekmann, S et al. (2001) Multifunctional centromere binding factor 1 is essential for chromosome segregation in the human pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata. Mol Cell Biol 21:4875-88
Yoon, H J; Carbon, J (1999) Participation of Bir1p, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family, in yeast chromosome segregation events. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:13208-13
Pietrasanta, L I; Thrower, D; Hsieh, W et al. (1999) Probing the Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromeric DNA (CEN DNA)-binding factor 3 (CBF3) kinetochore complex by using atomic force microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:3757-62

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