The aim of this proposal is to characterize the signaling pathways utilized by growth factor receptors to activate immediate early genes. The proto-type immediate early gene c-fos is regulated by a Serum Response Element (SRE), which binds Serum Response Factor (SRF). SRF is activated by two pathways. One is MARK phosphorylation of the SRF cofactors, the ternary complex factors (TCFs), and the second is signaling through the small GTPase RhoA. In this proposal the pathways used by RhoA to activate the c-fos promoter will be studied. The SRF coactivators MKL1/2 will be studied as they have been shown to be required for serum and RhoA activation of SRF target genes. MKL1is rapidly phosphorylated in response to serum treatment of cells. The sites of inducible phosphorylation have been mapped and will be tested for their requirement for serum induction of target genes. The responsible protein kinase will then be identified. The role of domains of MKL1 in its regulation will also be determined and complexing proteins to critical domains will be isolated. RhoA signaling to SRF has been proposed to involve changes in actin filaments. However, mutations in RhoA argue against this model. This suggests that a novel RhoA effector is used to signal to SRF. Targets of RhoA involved in SRF activation will be purified using lack of binding to RhoA mutants as selection criteria. We have identified many serum inducible genes by microarray analysis and found that a subset is dependent upon MKL1 for its induction. It is unclear how many of the other genes are activated by TCF or even by SRF. We will develop cell lines defective in these factors and use microarrays to determine which mechanisms regulate the entire class of immediate early genes. This will likely identify genes activated independently of these factors. These genes will be mapped for novel regulatory factors to identify new signaling pathways. We also found in microarrays that there are many serum repressible genes. The mechanisms for this repression have not been extensively studied and many of the repressed genes have anti-proliferative effects. We will characterize regulation of these genes to identify new signaling pathways in the immediate early response.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01CA050329-17S1
Application #
7846022
Study Section
Cellular Signaling and Dynamics Study Section (CSD)
Program Officer
Ogunbiyi, Peter
Project Start
1989-07-01
Project End
2010-05-31
Budget Start
2009-06-01
Budget End
2010-05-31
Support Year
17
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$61,126
Indirect Cost
Name
Columbia University (N.Y.)
Department
Biology
Type
Other Domestic Higher Education
DUNS #
049179401
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10027
Lewis, Thera C; Prywes, Ron (2013) Serum regulation of Id1 expression by a BMP pathway and BMP responsive element. Biochim Biophys Acta 1829:1147-59
Muehlich, S; Hampl, V; Khalid, S et al. (2012) The transcriptional coactivators megakaryoblastic leukemia 1/2 mediate the effects of loss of the tumor suppressor deleted in liver cancer 1. Oncogene 31:3913-23
Lee, Seung-Min; Vasishtha, Mansi; Prywes, Ron (2010) Activation and repression of cellular immediate early genes by serum response factor cofactors. J Biol Chem 285:22036-49
Muehlich, Susanne; Wang, Ruigong; Lee, Seung-Min et al. (2008) Serum-induced phosphorylation of the serum response factor coactivator MKL1 by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 pathway inhibits its nuclear localization. Mol Cell Biol 28:6302-13
Shen, Jingshi; Snapp, Erik L; Lippincott-Schwartz, Jennifer et al. (2005) Stable binding of ATF6 to BiP in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Mol Cell Biol 25:921-32
Selvaraj, Ahalya; Prywes, Ron (2004) Expression profiling of serum inducible genes identifies a subset of SRF target genes that are MKL dependent. BMC Mol Biol 5:13
Shen, Jingshi; Prywes, Ron (2004) Dependence of site-2 protease cleavage of ATF6 on prior site-1 protease digestion is determined by the size of the luminal domain of ATF6. J Biol Chem 279:43046-51
Selvaraj, Ahalya; Prywes, Ron (2003) Megakaryoblastic leukemia-1/2, a transcriptional co-activator of serum response factor, is required for skeletal myogenic differentiation. J Biol Chem 278:41977-87
Cen, Bo; Selvaraj, Ahalya; Burgess, Rebecca C et al. (2003) Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1, a potent transcriptional coactivator for serum response factor (SRF), is required for serum induction of SRF target genes. Mol Cell Biol 23:6597-608
Chen, Xi; Shen, Jingshi; Prywes, Ron (2002) The luminal domain of ATF6 senses endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and causes translocation of ATF6 from the ER to the Golgi. J Biol Chem 277:13045-52

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