Illuminating Dynamic Receptor Clustering in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signal Transduction Pathway Using Plasmon Coupling Aberrant Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activity has been linked to tumor formation and progression in malignant cells. A molecular understanding of the EGFR signaling mechanism offers opportunities for the development of efficient anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. The EGFR activation and its mediation by interreceptor ectodomain interactions, however, still pose many questions. The operational form in the EGFR signal transduction pathway is not the individual EGF receptor, but dimers and potentially higher order oligomers or even larger functional units, referred to as clusters. The influence of transient interactions between EGFRs in clusters with dynamic short- and long-range orders could play a prominent role in the regulation of the EGFR pathway. To elucidate the connections between receptor cell surface organization, receptor dynamics, and the activation, progression, attenuation and therapeutic intervention of signaling distances between individual EGFRs on the 1-100 nm length scale need to be monitored with high temporal resolution. This distance range lies in the """"""""resolution gap"""""""" of conventional fluorescent microscopy which is defined by the spatial Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer barrier of 10 nm on one side and the diffraction resolution limit in the visible of ~300 nm on the other side. Instead of using a fluorescence microscopy this application aims to unravel the dynamics of EGFR oligomerization and clustering using plasmon coupling between gold nanoparticle labeled EGFRs in living cells in real time. The advantages of plasmon coupling microscopy are given by the photophysical stability of the probes, noble metal nanoparticles don't blink or bleach, their signal intensity, and the fact that plasmons in close by particles couple. This plasmon coupling enables to detect distances and distance changes significantly beyond the spatial FRET barrier and enables distance measurements in the resolution gap of fluorescence microscopy.
The specific aims of this project are: 1. Develop a new molecular ruler that allows monitoring distances between EGFRs on living cells in real time on length scales between 1 - 100 nm. This new technology will enable us to probe both the short- and long-range order of EGFRs on the surface of living cells. 2. Experimentally verify the hypothesis that EGFRs are organized in clusters with inter-EGFR distances ranging from nanometers to tens of nanometers. Monitor changes in the size and spatial distribution of EGFR clusters in living cells in real time upon addition of EGF. 3. Monitor inter-EGFR distances within the clusters and experimentally verify the hypothesis that EGF induces changes in the inter-EGFR distances.
Illuminating Dynamic Receptor Clustering in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signal Transduction Pathway Using Plasmon Coupling The proposed project uses nanotechnology to probe the underlying mechanisms of the abnormal behavior of epidermal growth factors (EGFRs) in cancerous cells. Revealing the control mechanisms of EGFR signaling is of high relevance to public health. Epidermal growth factors (EGFRs) are overexpressed in many cancers and are prominent targets for anti-cancer therapies. A molecular understanding of the EGFR-activation mechanism will provide new opportunities for the early cancer diagnostics and for the improvement of current therapeutic anti-cancer strategies.
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