Does a new supermarket improve dietary behaviors of low-income African Americans? Obesity poses a serious threat to the health of our nation. Two thirds of adults in the United States are either overweight or obese, and low-income and racial/ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected. Poor dietary quality and patterns are key risk factors for obesity, and both diet and obesity are established risk factors for cancer and other chronic diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that modifying the food environment to support healthy eating may have a sustainable population impact on diet and obesity. Yet, environmental approaches are understudied. In 2010, an 8.5 million dollar full-service grocery store, financed with public and private funds, will change the food retail landscape of the Hill District, a collection of contiguous neighborhoods of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This joint public-private endeavor provides a unique and critically timed opportunity to examine how change in the availability of healthy foods affects food purchasing and dietary intake of residents in a US community. This full-service grocery store will be the first in nearly 30 years for this low-income, predominantly African-American community. The proposed study will capitalize on this natural experiment.
Our specific aims are (1) to describe the availability, price, and shelf-space of healthy and less healthy options within food retail venues before and after the introduction of a full-service grocery store;(2) to determine the impact of the introduction of a full-service grocery store on food purchasing behaviors and dietary intake;and (3) to determine the extent to which these associations are modified by access factors (e.g., means of transportation and degree of spatial proximity to the grocery store) and socio-cultural factors (e.g., attitudes toward eating a healthy diet, perceived barriers to eating a healthy diet, and social support for healthy eating). We propose to use a matched quasi-experimental design involving one pre- and two post-""""""""intervention"""""""" assessments of 1,000 households in the Hill District and 650 households in matched comparison neighborhood. Using door-to-door surveys, we will collect information on participants'household food purchasing and individual dietary intake. We will also conduct pre- and post- assessments of the food environment in the intervention and comparison neighborhoods. The food environment assessments will document the number and type of food purchasing venues and assess availability, quality, and price of healthy foods in these venues. Collectively, these data will allow us to examine how opening a full-service grocery store in a low-income, predominantly African American neighborhood, affects peoples'diet and food purchasing behaviors in both the short and long term. Our study will fill significant gaps in the literature on environmental determinants of diet and obesity and will help address key policy questions about the effects of the physical environment on these outcomes.

Public Health Relevance

Does a new supermarket improve dietary behaviors of low-income African Americans? Dubowitz/PI Project Narrative Residents of low-income, minority, and rural neighborhoods have limited spatial access to grocery stores and therefore less access to healthful food. While research has documented this association, no published studies in the United States have investigated the impact of building a grocery store in a low-income community on residents'food purchasing and dietary behaviors. Our study will evaluate such a natural experiment, providing evidence of whether this type of environmental change can lead to better dietary quality, a critical step to reducing obesity.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01CA149105-04S1
Application #
8631389
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-HDM-G (02))
Program Officer
Ogunbiyi, Peter
Project Start
2010-05-14
Project End
2015-03-31
Budget Start
2013-04-01
Budget End
2014-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$34,293
Indirect Cost
$16,038
Name
Rand Corporation
Department
Type
DUNS #
006914071
City
Santa Monica
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90401
Parisi, Sara M; Bodnar, Lisa M; Dubowitz, Tamara (2018) Weight resilience and fruit and vegetable intake among African-American women in an obesogenic environment. Public Health Nutr 21:391-402
Vaughan, Christine A; Ghosh-Dastidar, Madhumita; Dubowitz, Tamara (2018) Attitudes and Barriers to Healthy Diet and Physical Activity: A Latent Profile Analysis. Health Educ Behav 45:381-393
Ghosh-Dastidar, Madhumita; Hunter, Gerald; Collins, Rebecca L et al. (2017) Does opening a supermarket in a food desert change the food environment? Health Place 46:249-256
Richardson, Andrea S; Ghosh-Dastidar, Madhumita; Beckman, Robin et al. (2017) Can the introduction of a full-service supermarket in a food desert improve residents' economic status and health? Ann Epidemiol 27:771-776
Vaughan, Christine A; Cohen, Deborah A; Ghosh-Dastidar, Madhumita et al. (2017) Where do food desert residents buy most of their junk food? Supermarkets. Public Health Nutr 20:2608-2616
Vaughan, Christine A; Collins, Rebecca; Ghosh-Dastidar, Madhumita et al. (2017) Does where you shop or who you are predict what you eat?: The role of stores and individual characteristics in dietary intake. Prev Med 100:10-16
Flórez, Karen R; Ghosh-Dastidar, Madhumita Bonnie; Beckman, Robin et al. (2016) The Power of Place: Social Network Characteristics, Perceived Neighborhood Features, and Psychological Distress Among African Americans in the Historic Hill District in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Am J Community Psychol 58:60-8
Flórez, Karen R; Dubowitz, Tamara; Ghosh-Dastidar, Madhumita Bonnie et al. (2015) Associations between depressive symptomatology, diet, and body mass index among participants in the supplemental nutrition assistance program. J Acad Nutr Diet 115:1102-8
Dubowitz, Tamara; Zenk, Shannon N; Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie et al. (2015) Healthy food access for urban food desert residents: examination of the food environment, food purchasing practices, diet and BMI. Public Health Nutr 18:2220-30
Dubowitz, Tamara; Ghosh-Dastidar, Madhumita; Cohen, Deborah A et al. (2015) Diet And Perceptions Change With Supermarket Introduction In A Food Desert, But Not Because Of Supermarket Use. Health Aff (Millwood) 34:1858-68

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