Diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent metabolic disease of humans. The most common form of diabetes is associated with peripheral insulin resistance, a condition whereby muscle tissue fails to respond to elevated circulating insulin with the appropriate uptake and disposal of blood glucose in the postprandial state. In a previous grant period we identified and cloned Glut4, the facilitative glucose transporter isoform that is the key rate-limiting component in insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake. Current evidence suggests that insulin resistance results from a disruption in the normal mechanism by which insulin activates Glut4 in skeletal muscle. The long-term goal of this proposal is to elucidate the molecular mechanism of insulin-stimulated glucose transport and to identify the defects in this process that predispose to diabetes mellitus. To accomplish this goal, the following specific aims will be undertaken in the next project period: l. Insulin stimulates glucose transport in fat and muscle by altering the subcellular trafficking of Glut4 and causing its redistribution from an intracellular storage compartment to the plasma membrane. We have identified a region within the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of Glut4 that confers insulin-regulated subcellular targeting. Site-directed mutagenesis will be used in conjunction with an insulin-responsive L6 myocyte expression-trafficking system to completely define the role of the dileucine targeting motif and the adjacent serine phosphorylation site in the subcellular tracking of Glut4 in a native, insulin-sensitive cell type. 2. Little is known about the cellular machinery involved in the subcellular trafficking and regulation of Glut4. The yeast 2-hybrid cloning system will be used to identify and clone novel proteins that interact directly with the known C-terminal targeting domain of Glut4. 3. We have generated and characterized transgenic mice overexpressing Glut1 or Glut4 in skeletal muscle. These mice exhibit enhanced muscle glucose uptake and disposal and have dramatically improved glucose tolerance relative to control littermates. The ability of the glucose transporter transgenes to confer resistance to hyperglycemia will be evaluated in several experimental models of diabetes, thus forming the basis for a potential gene therapy strategy for diabetes.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK038495-14
Application #
6176420
Study Section
Physiological Chemistry Study Section (PC)
Program Officer
Haft, Carol R
Project Start
1987-04-01
Project End
2001-11-30
Budget Start
2000-04-01
Budget End
2001-11-30
Support Year
14
Fiscal Year
2000
Total Cost
$245,163
Indirect Cost
Name
Washington University
Department
Physiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
062761671
City
Saint Louis
State
MO
Country
United States
Zip Code
63130
Roach, William; Plomann, Markus (2007) PACSIN3 overexpression increases adipocyte glucose transport through GLUT1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 355:745-50
Murata, Haruhiko; Hresko, Richard C; Mueckler, Mike (2003) Reconstitution of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent insulin signaling in a cell-free system. J Biol Chem 278:21607-14
Osman, Abdullah A; Saito, Mitsuyoshi; Makepeace, Carol et al. (2003) Wolframin expression induces novel ion channel activity in endoplasmic reticulum membranes and increases intracellular calcium. J Biol Chem 278:52755-62
Hresko, Richard C; Murata, Haruhiko; Mueckler, Mike (2003) Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-2 is a distinct protein kinase enriched in a novel cytoskeletal fraction associated with adipocyte plasma membranes. J Biol Chem 278:21615-22
Murata, Haruhiko; Hruz, Paul W; Mueckler, Mike (2002) Indinavir inhibits the glucose transporter isoform Glut4 at physiologic concentrations. AIDS 16:859-63
Buse, Maria G; Robinson, Katherine A; Marshall, Bess A et al. (2002) Enhanced O-GlcNAc protein modification is associated with insulin resistance in GLUT1-overexpressing muscles. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283:E241-50
Hruz, Paul W; Murata, Haruhiko; Qiu, Haijun et al. (2002) Indinavir induces acute and reversible peripheral insulin resistance in rats. Diabetes 51:937-42
Hresko, Richard C; Mueckler, Mike (2002) Identification of pp68 as the Tyrosine-phosphorylated Form of SYNCRIP/NSAP1. A cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein. J Biol Chem 277:25233-8
Hresko, R C; Mueckler, M (2000) A novel 68-kDa adipocyte protein phosphorylated on tyrosine in response to insulin and osmotic shock. J Biol Chem 275:18114-20
Murata, H; Hruz, P W; Mueckler, M (2000) The mechanism of insulin resistance caused by HIV protease inhibitor therapy. J Biol Chem 275:20251-4

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