We are interested in understanding how normal intestinal cells regulate their growth and how loss of that regulation results in malignant transformation. Our research focuses on molecular mechanisms by which the Src kinases contribute to the regulation. We identified RACK1 as a novel substrate and binding partner of Src, and an inhibitor of Src kinases and colonic cell growth. RACK1 regulates cell growth by suppressing Src activity at the G1 checkpoint. We hypothesize that RACK1 regulates other aspects of growth, in part via its inhibitory influence on Src. To test this hypothesis, we will:
Aim 1 : Further analyze mechanisms by which Src and RACK1 regulate growth of colon cells. Studies focus on their influence on cell cycle progression through Gy/W, Sam68 function during mitosis, and cell adhesion. A RACK1 mutant that is defective for suppressing Src activity will be used to distinguish Src-dependent and independent mechanisms of RACK1 function.
Aim 2 : Assess Src and RACK1 function in protein translation. Studies focus on mechanisms by which they regulate translational activities of key Src substrates, effectors and binding partners involved in protein synthesis.
Aim 3 : Analyze mechanisms by which RACK1 induces apoptosis, and Src promotes survival of colon cells. Studies focus on their influence on the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, and on the Akt cell survival pathway. Endogenous inhibitors of oncogenic tyrosine kinases that work at critical checkpoints in the cell cycle, at sites of cell adhesion and during protein translation and apoptosis, would exert powerful and pervasive control over cell growth. Exploitation of these multiple functions could be used to develop new and more powerful and selective strategies for treatment of human colon cancer. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01DK043743-16A2
Application #
7193228
Study Section
Gastrointestinal Cell and Molecular Biology Study Section (GCMB)
Program Officer
Hamilton, Frank A
Project Start
1991-06-15
Project End
2012-03-31
Budget Start
2007-04-01
Budget End
2008-03-31
Support Year
16
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$290,357
Indirect Cost
Name
Stanford University
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94305
Cheng, Zhuan-Fen; Pai, Reetesh K; Cartwright, Christine A (2018) Rack1 function in intestinal epithelia: regulating crypt cell proliferation and regeneration and promoting differentiation and apoptosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 314:G1-G13
Cheng, Zhuan-Fen; Cartwright, Christine A (2018) Rack1 maintains intestinal homeostasis by protecting the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 314:G263-G274
Swaminathan, G; Cartwright, C A (2012) Rack1 promotes epithelial cell-cell adhesion by regulating E-cadherin endocytosis. Oncogene 31:376-89
Mamidipudi, V; Cartwright, C A (2009) A novel pro-apoptotic function of RACK1: suppression of Src activity in the intrinsic and Akt pathways. Oncogene 28:4421-33
Mamidipudi, Vidya; Miller, Laura D; Mochly-Rosen, Daria et al. (2007) Peptide modulators of Src activity in G1 regulate entry into S phase and proliferation of NIH 3T3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 352:423-30
Miller, Laura D; Lee, Kelly C; Mochly-Rosen, Daria et al. (2004) RACK1 regulates Src-mediated Sam68 and p190RhoGAP signaling. Oncogene 23:5682-6
Mamidipudi, Vidya; Chang, Betty Y; Harte, Rachel A et al. (2004) RACK1 inhibits the serum- and anchorage-independent growth of v-Src transformed cells. FEBS Lett 567:321-6
Chang, Betty Y; Cartwright, Christine A (2003) Detection of protein kinase-binding partners by the yeast two-hybrid analysis. Methods Mol Biol 233:327-43
Chang, Betty Y; Harte, Rachel A; Cartwright, Christine A (2002) RACK1: a novel substrate for the Src protein-tyrosine kinase. Oncogene 21:7619-29
Chang, B Y; Chiang, M; Cartwright, C A (2001) The interaction of Src and RACK1 is enhanced by activation of protein kinase C and tyrosine phosphorylation of RACK1. J Biol Chem 276:20346-56

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