Signaling through cyclic AMP (cAMP) and its effector molecules, such as cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and exchange proteins activated by cAMP (Epac), regulates a variety of cellular functions including cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, survival and mobility, as well as insulin secretion in the case of pancreatic ? cells. The overall goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and functional roles of spatiotemporal compartmentalization in achieving high specificity in cAMP signaling. Aberrations in the cAMP signaling pathway have implications for clinical conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, particularly in the context of ?-cell functions. A mechanistic understanding of cAMP signaling specificity is crucial to developing therapeutic strategies for these clinical conditions. The concept of spatial compartmentalization of cAMP effects was proposed 20 years ago, but only in recent years have innovative approaches to studying cAMP signaling in the cellular context become available to provide direct mechanistic evidence. However, despite these recent advances, there are still large gaps in our understanding about the mechanisms underlying the spatiotemporal regulation of cAMP and its effectors. Furthermore, little is known about how the signaling information encoded in the spatiotemporal patterns of activities is translated into specific functional responses. In our preliminary studies, we have developed fluorescent biosensors for monitoring Epac action, co-imaging approaches for tracking multiple signaling activities and a method for enzymatic manipulation of cAMP levels at subcellular locations. Furthermore, our recent studies have discovered an oscillatory circuit that consists of cAMP, PKA and Ca2+ in MIN6 ? cells. In the current proposal, building upon these preliminary findings, we will focus on these specific aims to test our central hypothesis that the activities of cAMP, PKA and Epac are spatiotemporally compartmentalized to specifically regulate functional effects of this pathway: 1) further develop molecular tools for measuring cAMP, PKA and Epac dynamics;2) elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and functional roles of the oscillatory circuit in MIN6 b cells.

Public Health Relevance

Signaling through cAMP regulates a variety of cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, survival and mobility, as well as insulin secretion in the case of pancreatic ??cells. Aberrations in this pathway have implications for clinical conditions such as obesity and type II diabetes mellitus, particularly in the context of ?-cell functions. The overall goal of our research is to achieve a better mechanistic understanding about how this ubiquitous signaling molecule regulates many diverse functions with high signaling specificity. Such an understanding is crucial to developing therapeutic strategies for clinical conditions arising from dysregulated cAMP signaling.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01DK073368-06A1
Application #
8185635
Study Section
Synthetic and Biological Chemistry B Study Section (SBCB)
Program Officer
Silva, Corinne M
Project Start
2006-01-15
Project End
2015-06-30
Budget Start
2011-08-16
Budget End
2012-06-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$410,000
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21218
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Newman, Robert H; Zhang, Jin (2017) Integrated Strategies to Gain a Systems-Level View of Dynamic Signaling Networks. Methods Enzymol 589:133-170
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Mehta, Sohum; Zhang, Jin (2017) Illuminating the Cell's Biochemical Activity Architecture. Biochemistry 56:5210-5213
Gorshkov, Kirill; Mehta, Sohum; Ramamurthy, Santosh et al. (2017) AKAP-mediated feedback control of cAMP gradients in developing hippocampal neurons. Nat Chem Biol 13:425-431
Mo, Gary C H; Ross, Brian; Hertel, Fabian et al. (2017) Genetically encoded biosensors for visualizing live-cell biochemical activity at super-resolution. Nat Methods 14:427-434
Nygren, Patrick J; Mehta, Sohum; Schweppe, Devin K et al. (2017) Intrinsic disorder within AKAP79 fine-tunes anchored phosphatase activity toward substrates and drug sensitivity. Elife 6:

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