Activation-induced deaminase (AID) belongs to the APOBEC family enzymes which convert cytosines in nucleic acids to uracil. AID is required for two processes essential for antibody maturation- somatic hypermutations and class-switch recombination Additionally, AID is also known to cause hypermutations in oncogenes and promote chromosome translocations that are hallmark of cancer. Among the unanswered questions regarding the role of AID in carcinogenesis is how AID selects certain genes and some loci for deamination. During the last funding period we studied the role played by transcription in the targeting process;in this proposal we will investigate how substrate selection by this enzyme affects the genetic outcomes. We will determine how the frequency, location and spectrum of genetic alterations changes when the substrate specificity of AID is altered. To accomplish this an AID- APOBEC3G hybrid with a strong preference for deaminating the last cytosine in a run of C's will be introduced in AID-/- murine B cells and the resulting hypermutations, isotype switching and chromosome translocations will be studied. The translocation of c-myc gene to one of the Ig genes is known to require AID and the junctions of such translocations promoted by mutant AID constructs will be identified and sequenced. AID will also be mutated to change its poor efficiency of converting 5-methylcytosine (mC) in DNA to thymine. Such conversions have been tied to DNA demethylation that is essential for reprogramming of embryonic cells and to translocation hotspots responsible for a number of human lymphoid malignancies. The demethylation activity of the mutants will be confirmed and AID mutants with altered preference for mC will be expressed in AID-/- B cells to determine whether the frequency, spectrum or locations of chromosome translocations are altered. These studies will create novel tools to study genetic instability promoted by AID and will answer specific questions regarding how the selection of DNA substrates by AID at nucleotide level influences its beneficial as well as harmful biological effects.

Public Health Relevance

Cancer is a disease that is caused by alterations in human DNA such as mutations and abnormal physical linking of different chromosomes (translocations). An enzyme called AID that is required for making antibodies and which helps us battle infections, has been linked to such harmful chromosome aberrations. We propose here experiments that will alter the way this enzyme interacts with DNA and determine the effects of this change on mutations and chromosome translocations using a mouse genetic model.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM057200-11
Application #
8477200
Study Section
Cancer Etiology Study Section (CE)
Program Officer
Marino, Pamela
Project Start
1998-06-01
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2013-06-01
Budget End
2014-05-31
Support Year
11
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$267,012
Indirect Cost
$83,662
Name
Wayne State University
Department
Chemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
001962224
City
Detroit
State
MI
Country
United States
Zip Code
48202
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Bhagwat, Ashok S; Hao, Weilong; Townes, Jesse P et al. (2016) Strand-biased cytosine deamination at the replication fork causes cytosine to thymine mutations in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:2176-81
Green, Abby M; Landry, Sébastien; Budagyan, Konstantin et al. (2016) APOBEC3A damages the cellular genome during DNA replication. Cell Cycle 15:998-1008
Siriwardena, Sachini U; Chen, Kang; Bhagwat, Ashok S (2016) Functions and Malfunctions of Mammalian DNA-Cytosine Deaminases. Chem Rev 116:12688-12710
Wei, Shanqiao; Shalhout, Sophia; Ahn, Young-Hoon et al. (2015) A versatile new tool to quantify abasic sites in DNA and inhibit base excision repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 27:9-18
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Jinks-Robertson, Sue; Bhagwat, Ashok S (2014) Transcription-associated mutagenesis. Annu Rev Genet 48:341-59
Anton, Brian P; Chang, Yi-Chien; Brown, Peter et al. (2013) The COMBREX project: design, methodology, and initial results. PLoS Biol 11:e1001638
Hashimoto, Hideharu; Hong, Samuel; Bhagwat, Ashok S et al. (2012) Excision of 5-hydroxymethyluracil and 5-carboxylcytosine by the thymine DNA glycosylase domain: its structural basis and implications for active DNA demethylation. Nucleic Acids Res 40:10203-14
Wijesinghe, Priyanga; Bhagwat, Ashok S (2012) Efficient deamination of 5-methylcytosines in DNA by human APOBEC3A, but not by AID or APOBEC3G. Nucleic Acids Res 40:9206-17

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