A central concern of the present post-genomic era of biology is understanding the chemical and physical mechanisms by which gene expression is regulated. Appropriate activation and repression of particular genes is necessary for maintaining normal cell function and is required for executing the programs of cell differentiation that are essential to the development of multicellular organisms. Collectively, gene regulatory systems are the """"""""brain"""""""" of the cell that allows it to respond appropriately to environmental stimuli. Many cancers and other diseases result from deranged gene regulation. In this research project, we have developed and begun applying an entirely new approach to studying the molecular mechanisms of transcription and transcription regulation in vitro. Instead of studying populations of molecules, we directly visualize the RNA polymerase and regulatory proteins on an isolated single DNA molecule, following the progression of the molecular machinery through its different states in real time while simultaneously observing the extent of transcriptional activation. Such direct visualization is made possible by a multi-wavelength single-molecule fluorescence approach we call CoSMoS (co localization single- molecule spectroscopy). In this application, we propose applying the CoSMoS approach to elucidating the dynamic mechanisms of selected processes involved in regulation of transcription initiation and elongation in vitro using purified Escherichia coli proteins in reconstituted transcription reactions. Our goals are: 1) Test the hypothesis that RNAP holoenzyme molecules reach promoters through a bind-and-slide mechanism;2) Define the dynamic mechanisms by which secondary channel factors act alone and together to regulate transcription initiation and elongation;and 3) Define the dynamic mechanism by which the presence of the 70 and NusA components of the transcription apparatus is remodeled in the transition between transcription initiation and elongation.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed research will elucidate basic mechanisms of transcription regulation, which in the long term will improve public health by improving our understanding of human biology. In addition, the proposed research will help define the molecular bases for regulatory mechanisms that affect virulence and environmental dissemination of human pathogens. This basic knowledge is expected to aid in the scientific research aimed at development of agents to combat infectious disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM081648-07
Application #
8629762
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BCMB-S (02))
Program Officer
Lewis, Catherine D
Project Start
2007-07-15
Project End
2016-02-29
Budget Start
2014-03-01
Budget End
2015-02-28
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$351,431
Indirect Cost
$134,275
Name
Brandeis University
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
616845814
City
Waltham
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02454
Braun, Joerg E; Friedman, Larry J; Gelles, Jeff et al. (2018) Synergistic assembly of human pre-spliceosomes across introns and exons. Elife 7:
Ticau, Simina; Friedman, Larry J; Champasa, Kanokwan et al. (2017) Mechanism and timing of Mcm2-7 ring closure during DNA replication origin licensing. Nat Struct Mol Biol 24:309-315
Tetone, Larry E; Friedman, Larry J; Osborne, Melisa L et al. (2017) Dynamics of GreB-RNA polymerase interaction allow a proofreading accessory protein to patrol for transcription complexes needing rescue. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:E1081-E1090
Chadda, Rahul; Krishnamani, Venkatramanan; Mersch, Kacey et al. (2016) The dimerization equilibrium of a ClC Cl(-)/H(+) antiporter in lipid bilayers. Elife 5:
Harden, Timothy T; Wells, Christopher D; Friedman, Larry J et al. (2016) Bacterial RNA polymerase can retain ?70 throughout transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113:602-7
Hoskins, Aaron A; Rodgers, Margaret L; Friedman, Larry J et al. (2016) Single molecule analysis reveals reversible and irreversible steps during spliceosome activation. Elife 5:
Friedman, Larry J; Gelles, Jeff (2015) Multi-wavelength single-molecule fluorescence analysis of transcription mechanisms. Methods 86:27-36
Ticau, Simina; Friedman, Larry J; Ivica, Nikola A et al. (2015) Single-molecule studies of origin licensing reveal mechanisms ensuring bidirectional helicase loading. Cell 161:513-525
Yang, Boqian; Pu, Mingming; Khan, Hanif M et al. (2015) Quantifying transient interactions between Bacillus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase-C and phosphatidylcholine-rich vesicles. J Am Chem Soc 137:14-7
Paramanathan, Thayaparan; Reeves, Daniel; Friedman, Larry J et al. (2014) A general mechanism for competitor-induced dissociation of molecular complexes. Nat Commun 5:5207

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