The quantitative assessment of functional activity of skeletal tissues has been the subject of developments over many years of exercise oriented research: Many global whole body responses to exercise, particularly the body oxygen utilization, heart rate and power output. Invasive procedures of localized oxygen/pH plus needle biopsies and quick freezing provide insight on localized muscle function. Phosphorous Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (31P NMR) has provided both global and localized evidence of biochemical responses to muscle activity, particularly the rise of adenosine diphosphate and inorganic phosphate as a function of exercise level during exercise, and of recovery times thereafter, particularly in vascular disease. Optical measurements of muscle function originated in 1935 with studies of hemoglobin/myoglobin changes in the cat soleus muscle on a relative basis. Progress on quantifying Hb/Mb measurements enabled as the phenomenon of photon migration was recognized: separation, absorption and scattering properties of exercising muscle were made possible by application of the diffusion theory. This research emphasizes the application of quantitative tissue oximetry to muscle exercise in terms of Hb desaturation and blood concentration characteristic of the gamut of performance from dystrophies to elite. Furthermore, initial transients of muscle oxygenation (warm-up), together with the dynamics of recovery, will be quantified as they appear to a remarkable extent in mitopathies. Finally and most important, imaging of functional muscle is possible with simple multi-source multi-detector combinations using continuous light and as, the physiology may require, using frequency and time domain optical techniques. Thus, images of Hb/Mb deoxygenation and blood concentration in muscle function will be available. The population to be studied ranges from elite Olympic performers (skaters, sprinters, endurance performers) through the normal sedentary population to the geriatric population with special emphasis on exercise protocols for the mitochondrial myopathy and CHF populations. In sum, the two major obstacles of optical studies of the limb may be overcome in these studies, namely quantitation and localization. Furthermore, the application to medically needful populations where outcomes can be altered by quantitative localized studies is consonant with the goals of """"""""Healthy People 2000"""""""".

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL044125-09
Application #
2685354
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG7-DMG (01))
Project Start
1990-01-01
Project End
1998-09-30
Budget Start
1998-04-01
Budget End
1998-09-30
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
1998
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University City Science Center
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Nioka, Shoko; Wang, Dah-Jyuu; Im, Joohee et al. (2006) Simulation of Mb/Hb in NIRS and oxygen gradient in the human and canine skeletal muscles using H-NMR and NIRS. Adv Exp Med Biol 578:223-8
Hoffman, Jay R; Im, Joohee; Kang, Jie et al. (2005) The effect of a competitive collegiate football season on power performance and muscle oxygen recovery kinetics. J Strength Cond Res 19:509-13
Yu, Guoqiang; Durduran, Turgut; Lech, Gwen et al. (2005) Time-dependent blood flow and oxygenation in human skeletal muscles measured with noninvasive near-infrared diffuse optical spectroscopies. J Biomed Opt 10:024027
Intes, Xavier; Chance, Britton (2005) Non-PET functional imaging techniques: optical. Radiol Clin North Am 43:221-34, xii
Nitta, Takashi; Xundi, Xu; Hatano, Etsuro et al. (2003) Myoglobin gene expression attenuates hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 110:322-31
Hamaoka, Takafumi; Katsumura, Toshihito; Murase, Norio et al. (2003) Muscle oxygen consumption at onset of exercise by near infrared spectroscopy in humans. Adv Exp Med Biol 530:475-83
Hoffman, Jay R; Im, Joohee; Rundell, Kenneth W et al. (2003) Effect of muscle oxygenation during resistance exercise on anabolic hormone response. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:1929-34
Huang, Ping; Chance, Britton; Wang, Xin et al. (2003) Modeling of oxygen diffusion and metabolism from capillary to muscle. Adv Exp Med Biol 540:325-30
Nioka, S; McCully, K; McClellan, G et al. (2003) Oxygen transport and intracellular bioenergetics on stimulated cat skeletal muscle. Adv Exp Med Biol 510:267-72
Szmedra, L; Im, J; Nioka, S et al. (2001) Hemoglobin/myoglobin oxygen desaturation during Alpine skiing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33:232-6

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