There is a high co-morbidity between sleep apnea and essential hypertension. This study will test the hypothesis that apneic episodes predispose to hypertension by repeated nighttime arousals that raise blood pressure to daytime levels via activation of the sympathetic nervous system and release of stress hormones. Plasma and urinary catecholamines, renin, neuropeptide Y, atrial natriuretic factor, blood pressure, and cortisol will be examined during sleep, resting wakefulness, and after mild behavioral stressors. Beta adrenergic receptors on lymphocytes and the response to adrenergic agonists will be characterized. This study will determine if apneic hypertensives have an excessive response to the stress of hypoxia or to combined hypoxia plus breathholding. Mild hypoxia will be induced, and the effects of hypoxia will be examined on norepinephrine metabolism, baroreceptor functioning, and sensitivity to infused isoproterenol. Eighty unmedicated patients will be studied: 20 hypertensives with sleep apnea, 20 hypertensives without apnea, 20 normotensives with sleep apnea, and 20 normotensives without apnea. All patients will be admitted for a 2 day stay in the Clinical Research Center.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL044915-02
Application #
3363719
Study Section
Behavioral Medicine Study Section (BEM)
Project Start
1991-08-01
Project End
1995-07-31
Budget Start
1992-08-01
Budget End
1993-07-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1992
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California San Diego
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
077758407
City
La Jolla
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92093
Tomfohr, Lianne M; Pung, Meredith A; Dimsdale, Joel E (2016) Mediators of the relationship between race and allostatic load in African and White Americans. Health Psychol 35:322-32
Tomfohr, Lianne M; Edwards, Kate M; Madsen, Joshua W et al. (2015) Social support moderates the relationship between sleep and inflammation in a population at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. Psychophysiology 52:1689-97
von Känel, Roland (2015) ACUTE MENTAL STRESS AND HEMOSTASIS: WHEN PHYSIOLOGY BECOMES VASCULAR HARM. Thromb Res 135:S52-S55
von Känel, Roland (2015) Acute mental stress and hemostasis: When physiology becomes vascular harm. Thromb Res 135 Suppl 1:S52-5
Euteneuer, Frank; Mills, Paul J; Pung, Meredith A et al. (2014) Neighborhood problems and nocturnal blood pressure dipping. Health Psychol 33:1366-72
Edwards, Kate M; Kamat, Rujvi; Tomfohr, Lianne M et al. (2014) Obstructive sleep apnea and neurocognitive performance: the role of cortisol. Sleep Med 15:27-32
Euteneuer, Frank; Ziegler, Michael G; Mills, Paul J et al. (2014) In vivo ?-adrenergic receptor responsiveness: ethnic differences in the relationship with symptoms of depression and fatigue. Int J Behav Med 21:843-50
von Känel, Roland; Natarajan, Loki; Ancoli-Israel, Sonia et al. (2013) Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on day/night rhythm of prothrombotic markers in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Med 14:58-65
Euteneuer, Frank; Mills, Paul J; Rief, Winfried et al. (2012) Subjective social status predicts in vivo responsiveness of ýý-adrenergic receptors. Health Psychol 31:525-9
Sadja, Julie; Tomfohr, Lianne; Jiménez, Jessica A et al. (2012) Higher physical fatigue predicts adherence to a 12-week exercise intervention in women with elevated blood pressure. Health Psychol 31:156-63

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