The ability to treat neuropathic pain (NP) remains unsatisfactory, as many patients experience pain despite taking prescribed medications. Although opioids are effective against NP, their clinical usefulness is limited by their central nervous system effects (i.e., sedation, cognitive dysfunction, and tolerance). Using the L5 spinal nerve ligation model in rodents, we found that loperamide, a peripherally acting opioid, alleviates behavioral signs of NP. In addition, we reported that enhancing <-opioid receptor (MOR) expression in primary afferents, using HSV viral vectors, results in a leftward shift in the analgesic dose-response curve of loperamide. Thus, opioid receptors in the peripheral nervous system present a valuable target for the treatment of NP in humans. Surprisingly, repetitive administration of loperamide induces peripheral opioid tolerance. In this proposal, we aim to modulate the interactions of MORs and -opioid receptors (DORs) in the peripheral nervous system to enhance peripheral opioid analgesia and to attenuate peripheral opioid tolerance. We hypothesize that after nerve injury, the functional interactions between MORs and DORs are crucial for both the observed peripheral opioid antihyperalgesic effects and the development of peripheral opioid tolerance. Specifically, we hypothesize that: 1) DOR agonists enhance the analgesic effects of peripheral MOR agonists in opioid-naove animals with NP, 2) chronic administration of a MOR agonist switches DORs from an enhancing to an inhibitory role, thereby contributing to peripheral opioid tolerance, and 3) the development of tolerance is due to the formation of MOR-DOR heterodimers, and peripheral opioid tolerance in NP can be prevented or reversed by inhibiting heterodimerization. A broad range of strategies will be used to test these hypotheses, including behavioral, electrophysiological, Ca2+ imaging, and molecular biological methods. We will test whether concurrent activation of peripheral MORs and DORs will result in enhanced antihyperalgesia in opioid-naove rodents with NP (Aim 1) and whether repeated administration of peripheral MOR agonist switches the DOR into a """"""""negative modulator"""""""" of MOR function, resulting in attenuation of peripheral opioid antihyperalgesia (Aim 2). To study the role of DOR and DOR-MOR heterodimerization in opioid antihyperalgesia and peripheral opioid tolerance, innovative virus-mediated gene transfer strategies will be used to suppress DOR expression and to inhibit DOR-MOR heterodimerization by expressing a dimer-deficient DOR (Aim 3). In addition, a novel small peptide that blocks DOR-MOR heterodimerization will be studied for its effect on opioid tolerance. The results of these studies will provide new insights into the mechanisms that underlie the peripheral pain-reducing effects of opioids in NP and the mechanisms that underlie peripheral opioid tolerance. Furthermore, the use of virus mediated gene transfer and small cell permeable peptide inhibitors of heterodimerization are viable pre-clinical approaches to develop novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of NP and opioid tolerance.

Public Health Relevance

Pain persisting after injury to nerves, neuropathic pain, is a significant public health issue that affects up to 7% of the population and impairs quality of life considerably. Currently available therapies have limited clinical usefulness because are not always fully effective at relieving pain and can cause undesirable effects such as drowsiness, altered cognitive function, and tolerance. The proposed research will help identify targets for the development of new drugs for neuropathic pain that may lead to pain relief with minimal adverse effects.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01NS026363-21
Application #
8185627
Study Section
Surgery, Anesthesiology and Trauma Study Section (SAT)
Program Officer
Porter, Linda L
Project Start
1989-04-01
Project End
2016-07-31
Budget Start
2011-08-01
Budget End
2012-07-31
Support Year
21
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$357,394
Indirect Cost
Name
Johns Hopkins University
Department
Anesthesiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001910777
City
Baltimore
State
MD
Country
United States
Zip Code
21218
Tiwari, Vinod; Anderson, Michael; Yang, Fei et al. (2018) Peripherally Acting ?-Opioid Receptor Agonists Attenuate Ongoing Pain-associated Behavior and Spontaneous Neuronal Activity after Nerve Injury in Rats. Anesthesiology 128:1220-1236
He, Shao-Qiu; Xu, Qian; Tiwari, Vinod et al. (2018) Oligomerization of MrgC11 and ?-opioid receptors in sensory neurons enhances morphine analgesia. Sci Signal 11:
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Klein, Amanda H; Mohammad, Husam K; Ali, Rabiah et al. (2018) Overexpression of ยต-Opioid Receptors in Peripheral Afferents, but Not in Combination with Enkephalin, Decreases Neuropathic Pain Behavior and Enhances Opioid Analgesia in Mouse. Anesthesiology 128:967-983
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Tiwari, Vinod; Yang, Fei; He, Shao-Qiu et al. (2016) Activation of Peripheral ?-opioid Receptors by Dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1-4) Amide Leads to Modality-preferred Inhibition of Neuropathic Pain. Anesthesiology 124:706-20
Finnerup, Nanna B; Attal, Nadine; Haroutounian, Simon et al. (2015) Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 14:162-73
Yang, Fei; Zhang, Tong; Tiwari, Vinod et al. (2015) Effects of Combined Electrical Stimulation of the Dorsal Column and Dorsal Roots on Wide-Dynamic-Range Neuronal Activity in Nerve-Injured Rats. Neuromodulation 18:592-7; discussion 598
Smith, Sherika N; Paige, Candler; Velazquez, Kandy T et al. (2015) Injury-specific promoters enhance herpes simplex virus-mediated gene therapy for treating neuropathic pain in rodents. J Pain 16:283-90

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