The broad objective of this project is to develop a SIV macaque model of pediatric AIDS that can be used to elucidate the neuropathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The investigator has three specific aims the first of which is to try to determine the temporal distribution and cellular targets of SIV in the central nervous system (CNS) of fetal and neonatal macaques inoculated with SIVmac at different stages of development. CNS tissue from 12 fetuses, inoculated at different stages of gestation and 10 inoculated on the same day of gestation and serially sacrificed, will be provided for study by collaborators at the California Regional Primate Research Center. The distribution of virus and identity of infected cells will be determined by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The second goal of the investigator is to attempt to develop an in vitro reaggregate brain culture system to examine mechanisms of SIV neuropathogenesis. This section has three subparts, the first of which is to try to assess the neuropathologic potential of different SIV isolates, molecular clones and recombinant viruses. The second is to evaluate the role of possible viral cofactors such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) in SIV neuropathogenesis. The third is to evaluate possible lentiviral-related toxins such as SIV-gp130, cytokines and quinolinic acid.These tasks will be accomplished by in vitro inoculation of reaggregated brain cultures with various isolates of SIV or potential toxins. The cultures will be evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry for cellular and viral proteins, in situ hybridization for viral nucleic acid and biochemical analysis for potential toxins. The third specific aim is to attempt to test potential SIV-associated neurotoxins for their effect in vivo. This goal is designed to test the in vivo relevance of the findings in the second specific aim. This will be accomplished by chronic intrathecal administration of putative neurotoxins to normal uninfected infant rhesus macaques. The animals will then be monitored using the same neurodevelopmental test used in SIV-infected macaques. This will allow a comparison between the CNS effects of SIV and putative neurotoxins.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS030769-02
Application #
3417671
Study Section
AIDS and Related Research Study Section 3 (ARRC)
Project Start
1992-03-23
Project End
1993-09-30
Budget Start
1993-03-01
Budget End
1993-09-30
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1993
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
New Mexico State University Las Cruces
Department
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
City
Las Cruces
State
NM
Country
United States
Zip Code
88003
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Vinet-Oliphant, Heather; Alvarez, Xavier; Buza, Elizabeth et al. (2010) Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1-R) expression in the brains of SIV-infected rhesus macaques: implications for substance P in NK1-R immune cell trafficking into the CNS. Am J Pathol 177:1286-97
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Ratai, Eva M; Pilkenton, Sarah; Lentz, Margaret R et al. (2005) Comparisons of brain metabolites observed by HRMAS 1H NMR of intact tissue and solution 1H NMR of tissue extracts in SIV-infected macaques. NMR Biomed 18:242-51
Lentz, Margaret R; Kim, John P; Westmoreland, Susan V et al. (2005) Quantitative neuropathologic correlates of changes in ratio of N-acetylaspartate to creatine in macaque brain. Radiology 235:461-8
Kim, John P; Lentz, Margaret R; Westmoreland, Susan V et al. (2005) Relationships between astrogliosis and 1H MR spectroscopic measures of brain choline/creatine and myo-inositol/creatine in a primate model. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 26:752-9
MacLean, A G; Rasmussen, T A; Bieniemy, D et al. (2004) Activation of the blood-brain barrier by SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus) requires cell-associated virus and is not restricted to endothelial cell activation. Biochem Soc Trans 32:750-2

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