The long-term goals of this project are to examine the capacity for functional reorganization in the motor cortex of adult primates following brain injury, such as that occurring after stroke. These studies will use neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, optical imaging, and behavioral training techniques to examine functional reorganization in the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex after focal vascular infarct, and the effects of physical use of affected muscles on the areal extent and time course of reorganization. In their previous studies, the researchers showed that lesions within the hand area of the primary motor cortex result in a further loss of hand representations in the adjacent, intact tissue. However, physical therapy introduced within days after the infarct prevented this secondary, dysfunctional loss of spared hand representations. To determine whether critical periods exist for the effects of rehabilitative therapy on behavioral and neurophysiological recovery, the researchers will compare functional maps of motor cortex before and a few months after the focal vascular infarct. They will introduce physical therapy at various time points after infarct to define an optimal window for rehabilitation. Further, they will examine the long-term effects of physical rehabilitation with respect to both plasticity in cortical motor maps and behavioral capacity. They will determine whether the effects of early rehabilitative therapy are persistent. In other experiments, the researchers will examine the neurophysiological bases for behavioral relapse that occurs about two weeks after infarct. Further, they will examine the structural bases for adaptive plasticity in the motor cortex after injury by studying changes in intracortical connectivity. Finally, the researchers will extend these studies to explore more widespread effects of focal infarcts on other cortical motor areas that are interconnected with the primary motor cortex. These studies have strong clinical relevance for understanding stroke and rehabilitation. The correlation of neurophysiological and neuroanatomical reorganization with functional recovery after brain damage may eventually lead to new approaches to rehabilitative medicine.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS030853-09
Application #
6393509
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG2-BPO (01))
Program Officer
Behar, Toby
Project Start
1993-06-01
Project End
2002-04-30
Budget Start
2001-05-01
Budget End
2002-04-30
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2001
Total Cost
$289,782
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Kansas
Department
Type
Organized Research Units
DUNS #
016060860
City
Kansas City
State
KS
Country
United States
Zip Code
66160
Plautz, Erik J; Barbay, Scott; Frost, Shawn B et al. (2016) Effects of Subdural Monopolar Cortical Stimulation Paired With Rehabilitative Training on Behavioral and Neurophysiological Recovery After Cortical Ischemic Stroke in Adult Squirrel Monkeys. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 30:159-72
Andrews, Brian T; Lydick, Anna; Barbay, Scott et al. (2016) Reversibility of Murine Motor Deficits Following Hemi-Craniectomy and Cranioplasty. J Craniofac Surg 27:1875-1878
Nishibe, Mariko; Urban 3rd, Edward T R; Barbay, Scott et al. (2015) Rehabilitative training promotes rapid motor recovery but delayed motor map reorganization in a rat cortical ischemic infarct model. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 29:472-82
Murphy, Maxwell D; Guggenmos, David J; Bundy, David T et al. (2015) Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain Computer Interfaces from Preclinical Trials to Use in Human Patients. Front Cell Neurosci 9:497
Darling, Warren G; Morecraft, Robert J; Rotella, Diane L et al. (2014) Recovery of precision grasping after motor cortex lesion does not require forced use of the impaired hand in Macaca mulatta. Exp Brain Res 232:3929-38
Barbay, Scott; Guggenmos, David J; Nishibe, Mariko et al. (2013) Motor representations in the intact hemisphere of the rat are reduced after repetitive training of the impaired forelimb. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 27:381-4
Milliken, Garrett W; Plautz, Erik J; Nudo, Randolph J (2013) Distal forelimb representations in primary motor cortex are redistributed after forelimb restriction: a longitudinal study in adult squirrel monkeys. J Neurophysiol 109:1268-82
Dancause, Numa; Nudo, Randolph J (2011) Shaping plasticity to enhance recovery after injury. Prog Brain Res 192:273-95
Nishibe, Mariko; Barbay, Scott; Guggenmos, David et al. (2010) Reorganization of motor cortex after controlled cortical impact in rats and implications for functional recovery. J Neurotrauma 27:2221-32
Guggenmos, David J; Barbay, Scott; Bethel-Brown, Crystal et al. (2009) Effects of tongue force training on orolingual motor cortical representation. Behav Brain Res 201:229-32

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