It is well established that a brief period of global brain ischemia causes delayed cell death in vulnerable hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons days after reperfusion in animals and humans. Although numerous factors have been suggested to account for this phenomenon, the mechanisms underlying this delayed vulnerability for neuronal death are still poorly understood. Reperfusion after cerebral ischemia is known to produce oxidative stress in mitochondria, which mediate apoptotic cell death. An increase in the cytosolic antioxidant copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase in transgenic mice and transgenic rats significantly ameliorates molecular and cellular signaling events and the subsequent reduction in delayed death of hippocampal CA1 neurons. Also, transcription-independent activity of p53, a tumor suppressor gene and a central player in cell death, translocates to mitochondria and mediates the release of cytochrome c in the vulnerable hippocampal CA1 subregion after transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI). We hypothesize that p53 and oxidative stress act in concert to mediate apoptotic signaling in vulnerable hippocampal CA1 neurons after global cerebral ischemia. It is our goal to test this hypothesis using various molecular, genetic, and pharmacological strategies in rodent models of global cerebral ischemia.
Our specific aims are: 1) to elucidate the role of p53 signaling in the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in hippocampal CA1 neuronal death/survival after tGCI;2) to elucidate the role of oxidative stress and endogenous superoxide dismutases during reperfusion in p53- mediated hippocampal neuronal death after tGCI;and 3) to elucidate the role of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in hippocampal CA1 death and its crosstalk in p53 signaling after tGCI.

Public Health Relevance

Reperfusion after global cerebral ischemia generates oxygen free radicals that kill vulnerable neurons in hippocampi. The mechanism underlying this selective neuronal death is unclear. With this application, we seek to elucidate this cell death mechanism and provide therapeutic strategies to prevent or to ameliorate brain damage in stroke patients.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01NS038653-14
Application #
8197049
Study Section
Neural Oxidative Metabolism and Death Study Section (NOMD)
Program Officer
Hicks, Ramona R
Project Start
1998-09-01
Project End
2013-12-31
Budget Start
2012-01-01
Budget End
2012-12-31
Support Year
14
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$343,333
Indirect Cost
$128,958
Name
Stanford University
Department
Neurosurgery
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94305
Wakai, Takuma; Sakata, Hiroyuki; Narasimhan, Purnima et al. (2014) Transplantation of neural stem cells that overexpress SOD1 enhances amelioration of intracerebral hemorrhage in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 34:441-9
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Nito, Chikako; Kamada, Hiroshi; Endo, Hidenori et al. (2012) Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in expression of the water channel protein aquaporin-4 after ischemia in rat cortical astrocytes. J Neurotrauma 29:2404-12
Sakata, Hiroyuki; Narasimhan, Purnima; Niizuma, Kuniyasu et al. (2012) Interleukin 6-preconditioned neural stem cells reduce ischaemic injury in stroke mice. Brain 135:3298-310
Sakata, Hiroyuki; Niizuma, Kuniyasu; Wakai, Takuma et al. (2012) Neural stem cells genetically modified to overexpress cu/zn-superoxide dismutase enhance amelioration of ischemic stroke in mice. Stroke 43:2423-9
Kim, Gab Seok; Jung, Joo Eun; Narasimhan, Purnima et al. (2012) Induction of thioredoxin-interacting protein is mediated by oxidative stress, calcium, and glucose after brain injury in mice. Neurobiol Dis 46:440-9

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