Development of a novel exosome-based enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of human lysosomal storage diseases Intracellular delivery of protein therapeutics has transformative impact on the treatment of devastating human diseases like cancer, infection and hereditary disorders. Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are the largest group of hereditary metabolic disorders caused by a deficiency of lysosomal enzymes. Current standard of treatment for LSDs is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using recombinant enzymes. However, ERT is only available to 6 out of 50 LSDs and the recombinant enzymes are extremely expensive ($200,000/year for the life) and only produce limited benefits in mild to moderate patients. Moreover, ERT has no effects in severe cases with vital organ involvements such as brain, heart and lung, presumably attributable to the poor bioavailability of these tissues to recombinant enzymes. Exosomes are cell-derived nano-vesicles that play an important role in mediating cell-to-cell communication. As nano-carriers, exosomes can shuttle a large amount of macromolecules between various tissues and organs. Because their intrinsic tissue-penetrating ability, exosomes represent a new and promising class of nanomedicine for intracellular targets. However, the lack of engineering strategy to load protein therapeutics onto exosomes has become a major hurdle for exosome-based nano- medicine.
We aim to develop a novel genetic approach for producing enzyme-loaded exosomes for the potential treatment of LSDs. For proof in concept, we choose Gaucher disease, one of the most common types of LSDs, as our study model. In this proposed study we will: (1) establish genetic strategies for loading ?-glucocerebrosidase (GBA) enzymes via anchoring vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG) onto exosomes in human producing cells, and determine molecular pathways of exosome-targeting and therapeutic enzyme loading onto exosomes using fluorescence monitoring and confocal microscope techniques, (2) establish procedures of exosome purification, and characterize the physical and biochemical properties of the isolated exosomes as well as their ability for targeted delivery of loaded lysosomal enzymes to recipient human cells, (3) establish GBA knockout human cell model and employ it to determine the safety and efficacy of enzyme replacement with enzyme-loaded exosomes. Successful completion of this study will build a novel and general platform of ERT for the potential treatment of Gaucher disease and other LSDs with neurological complications.

Public Health Relevance

Development of a novel exosome-based enzyme replacement therapy for the treatment of human lysosomal storage diseases In spite of enzyme replacement therapy for some mild to moderate patients suffer from lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), severe cases and individuals with neurological complications largely remains untreated. We develop a genetic approach to produce enzyme-loaded for the targeted delivery of LSDs enzyme to human recipient cells. Because exosomes have the intrinsic ability to penetrate tissues and cross the blood-brain-barrier, this novel technology may pave a path for the potential treatment of severe type of LDSs and those with neurological complication.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Academic Research Enhancement Awards (AREA) (R15)
Project #
1R15GM137449-01
Application #
9965521
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Sammak, Paul J
Project Start
2020-04-01
Project End
2023-03-31
Budget Start
2020-04-01
Budget End
2023-03-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Santa Clara University
Department
Engineering (All Types)
Type
Biomed Engr/Col Engr/Engr Sta
DUNS #
054800214
City
Santa Clara
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
95050