Animals interact with members of their own or other species in the context of social and defensive behaviors,predator-preyrelationshipsandsymbioses.Inallsuchcontexts,executionoftheappropriate kind of interaction depends on a sensorimotor pathway that transduces information about another organismandgeneratesabehavioralresponse.Coreprinciplesofsuchsensorimotorpathwaysremain mysterious, including how representations of other animals are constructed in the brain based on multisensory information, and how such neural representations are appraised by decision-making circuitrytoselecttheappropriateaction.Imagingneuralactivityinbehavinganimalsoffersthepotential to make breakthroughs in the mechanistic understanding of how animals interact. In particular, generalizable insights into sensorimotor processing may come from model species with small, minimallycomplexbrainsthatareneverthelesscapableofexecutingcomplexbehavioralinteractions. Current small-brained model systems, however, have an inherent limitation in that they must be physicallyrestrainedforbrainimaging?aprocedurethatstronglyrestrictstheircapacitytoengagein behavioralinteractions.Toovercomethisproblem,toolsforbehavioralanalysisandbrainimagingwill bedevelopedforanovelinvertebratemodelwithaspecializedphenotypethatenablesittoretainits capacity to interact with other organisms even when tethered and head fixed for brain imaging. The rovebeetle,Dalotiacoriaria,possessesaflexibleabdomenthatisusedasanappendagetoengagein reproductive and aggressive interactions with conspecifics;? the abdomen also houses a targetable chemicaldefenseglandthatcanbeaccuratelytargetedtosecretenoxiousbenzoquinonesdirectlyonto heterospecific threats. The mode of deployment of the abdomen provides a direct readout of the sensorimotor processing that occurs when the beetle encounters different types of animal. In this proposal,aclosed-loopvirtualrealityplatformwillbeconstructedinwhichtetheredDalotia?sbehavior canbequantifiedusingmachinevisionasthebeetleinteractsinanaturalisticfashionwithrealorfictive animals. This platform will be used to experimentally deconstruct how Dalotia integrates different sensory modalities to build internal representations of other living organisms. Transgenic Dalotia will be created that express a genetically-encoded calcium sensor in defined brain regions. Combining thesetechnologies,functionalimagingofthebrainofDalotiawillbeachievedwhilethebeetleperforms naturalisticinteractionswithotherorganisms.Thisproposalwillbefoundationalforfurtherexploitation ofthismodelsystemtorevealhowsensorimotorprocessesenableanimalstointeract.

Public Health Relevance

Thisprojectaimstodeveloparovebeetleasageneticmodelsystemtostudyfundamentalprinciples of how brain circuits control behavioral interactions between animals. The proposed research is relevant to public health because behavioral interactions are central to human biology and social behavior.ThisproposalisthereforerelevanttoNIH?smissiontouncoverlinksbetweenbrainactivity, behavior,andcognitionanditsgoalofinterrogatingandmonitoringbraincellsandcircuitsinreal-time andacrossavarietyofmodelsystems.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Planning Grant (R34)
Project #
1R34NS118470-01
Application #
10053664
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
David, Karen Kate
Project Start
2020-08-01
Project End
2022-05-31
Budget Start
2020-08-01
Budget End
2022-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
California Institute of Technology
Department
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
009584210
City
Pasadena
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
91125